Tag: M.W:100-200

Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 4983-28-2, Name is 2-Chloro-5-hydroxypyrimidine, molecular formula is C4H3ClN2O, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Esteban-Parra, Gines M., introduce the new discover, Safety of 2-Chloro-5-hydroxypyrimidine.

Anti-diabetic and anti-parasitic properties of a family of luminescent zinc coordination compounds based on the 7-amino-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-alpha] pyrimidine ligand

We report on the formation of a triazolopyrimidine derivative ligand, 7-amino-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-alpha] pyrimidine (7-amtp), and a new family of coordination compounds based on this ligand and zinc as metal ion, synthesized by conventional routes. These materials possess different mononuclear structures, namely [ZnCl2(7-amtp)(2)] (1), [Zn(7-amtp)(2)(H2O)(4)](NO3)(2)2(7-amtp)6H(2)O (2) and [Zn(7-amtp)(2)(H2O)(4)](SO4)1.5H(2)O (3) derived from the use of different zinc (II) salts, in such a way that the counterions govern the crystallization to a large extent. These compounds present and show variable luminescent properties based on ligand-centred charge transfers which have been deeply studied by Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) calculations. When these compounds are transferred to solution, preserving complex entities as corroborated by NMR studies, they present interesting anti-diabetic and anti-parasitic capabilities, with a comparatively higher selectivity index than other previously reported triazolopyrimidine-based materials. The results derived from in vivo experiments conducted in mice also confirm their promising activity as anti-diabetic drug being capable of dropping glucose levels after oral administration. Therefore, these new materials may be considered as excellent candidates to be further investigated in the field of luminescent coordination compounds with biomedical applications.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 4983-28-2. Safety of 2-Chloro-5-hydroxypyrimidine.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry can be defined as the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. You¡¯ll sometimes hear it called the central science because it is the connection between physics and all the other sciences, starting with biology. 65-71-4, Name is 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, molecular formula is , belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Emami, Leila, Formula: C5H6N2O2.

Design, synthesis, molecular simulation, and biological activities of novel quinazolinone-pyrimidine hybrid derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and anticancer agents

Two novel series of quinazolinone-pyrimidine (series a: 9a-9i) and benzyl-pyrimidine hybrids (series b: 12a-12c) were designed, synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition potencies of these compounds were assessed through a MAK 203 kit. Compound 9e was found to be the most potent agent with an IC50 value of 34.3 +/- 3.3 mu M. A kinetic study revealed that it acted as a competitive inhibitor. Molecular modeling of these compounds was in agreement with the in vitro results. Due to the crucial role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in cancer therapy, the cytotoxic activities of the compounds were also evaluated against three cancerous cell lines (HT-29, SW1116 and A549). Almost all the compounds displayed better antiproliferative activity on colon cancer cell lines (HT-29 and SW1116) compared to a lung cancer cell line (A549). Compounds 9e and 12c exhibited significant activity toward the HT-29 cell line with an IC50 of 10.67 +/- 0.3 mu M and 27.9 +/- 6.5 mu M in comparison to sitagliptin and cisplatin as a positive control, respectively. Among the different cells, the compounds showed the best inhibitory effects on HT-29, which was compatible with the greater expression of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 marker detected by flow cytometry in this cell line. Further studies on the hit compounds (9e and 12c) through cell cycle and apoptosis assays also showed that these compounds could induce cell death by apoptosis or arrest cells in the G2/M phase. Accordingly, the results imply that 9e is a potent inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 with efficient anti-cancer activity and could play a role as a cytotoxic agent in colorectal cancer.

Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data. If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 65-71-4, in my other articles. Formula: C5H6N2O2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Application of 56-06-4, Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. 56-06-4, Name is 2,6-Diaminopyrimidin-4(1H)-one, SMILES is O=C1N=C(N)NC(N)=C1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Shahzad, Shabnam, introduce new discover of the category.

Folic acid-sulfonamide conjugates as antibacterial agents: design, synthesis and molecular docking studies

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors, as antibacterial agents, contain pyrimidine, pteridine, and azine moieties among many other scaffolds. Folic acid (FA), with a pteridine ring and amine group, was used as our focus scaffold, which was then conjugated with sulfonamides to develop new conjugates. The novel synthesized conjugates were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, and H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral studies and consequently screened for antimicrobial activities against bacterial strains with ampicillin as a positive control. Compound DS2 has the highest zone of inhibition (36.6 mm) with a percentage activity index (%AI) value of 122.8% against S. aureus and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 15.63 mu g mL(-1). DHFR enzyme inhibition was also evaluated using the synthesized conjugates through in vitro studies, and inhibition assays revealed that compound DS2 exhibited a 75.4 +/- 0.12% (mean +/- standard error of the mean (SEM)) inhibition, which is comparable with the standard DHFR inhibitor trimethoprim (74.6 +/- 0.09%). The compounds attached to the unsubstituted aryl moiety of the sulfonamides revealed better inhibition against the bacterial strains as compared to the methyl substituted aryl sulfonamides. Molecular docking studies of the novel synthesized conjugates were also performed on the DHFR enzyme to identify the plausible binding modes to explore the binding mechanisms of these conjugates.

Application of 56-06-4, Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about 56-06-4.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, Formula: C6H9N3O2, begins with the direct observation of nature¡ª in this case, of matter.36315-01-2, Name is 2-Amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine, SMILES is C1=C(N=C(N=C1OC)N)OC, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Ming, Tinghong, introduce the new discover.

Integrative proteomics and metabolomics profiling of the protective effects of Phascolosoma esculent ferritin on BMSCs in Cd(II) injury

Ferritin is the major intracellular iron storage protein and is essential for iron homeostasis and detoxification. Cadmium affects cellular homeostasis and induces cell toxicity via sophisticated mechanisms. Here, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of cytoprotective effect of Phascolosoma esculenta ferritin (PeFer) on Cd(II)-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) injury. Herein, the effects of different treated groups on apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed using flow cytometric analysis. We further investigated the alterations of the three groups using integrative 2-DE-based proteomics and H-1 NMR-based metabolomics profiles. The results indicate that PeFer reduces BMSC apoptosis induced by Cd(II) and delays G0/G1 cell cycle progression. A total of 19 proteins and 70 metabolites were significantly different among BMSC samples of the three groups. Notably, multiomics analysis revealed that Cd(II) might perturb the ER stress-mediated apoptosis pathway and disrupt biological processes related to the TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, thereby suppressing the cell growth rate and initiating apoptosis; however, the addition of PeFer might protect BMSCs against cell apoptosis to improve cell survival by enhancing energy metabolism. This study provides a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of the protective effect of PeFer in BMSCs against Cd(II) injury.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 36315-01-2. Formula: C6H9N3O2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reference of 626-48-2, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 626-48-2, Name is 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, SMILES is CC1=CC(NC(N1)=O)=O, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Selbach, Mariana Terezinha, introduce new discover of the category.

Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Sida planicaulis Cav extract using human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y

Sida planicaulis is a weed thought to have originated in Brazil, where it is present in abundant quantities, but also this plant is also found in south-central Florida, Indian Ocean Islands, and the Pacific Islands. Sida planicaulis produces neurotoxicity that adversely affects livestock breeding with heavy animal losses and consequent negative impact on Brazil’s economy. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical profile, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of ethanolic extracts of S. planicaulis collected in winter (leaf extract) and summer (leaf extract and leaf + flower extract) using an in vitro model of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and apolar compounds. Rutin, quercetin, and swainsonine were detected by HPLC and GC/MS, respectively. Phosphorus, potassium, iron, and zinc were the inorganic elements found. Extracts produced cytotoxicity at all concentrations tested (7-4,000 mu g/ml) as evidenced by the colorimetric assay [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT)]. Based upon the alkaline comet assay extracts were found to induce genotoxicity at concentrations ranging from 0.437 to 7 mu g/ml. DNA damage produced by extracts was affirmed using a modified comet assay with the enzymes Endo III and FPG in a concentration dependent manner. Further, enzyme-modified comet assay showed both oxidized purines and pyrimidines, and consequently oxidative stress was related to genomic instability and cell death. Data suggest that low concentrations of ethanolic extracts of S. planicaulis (different seasons) induced increased DNA damage related to oxidative stress and chemical composition.

Reference of 626-48-2, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 626-48-2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. In an article, author is Daraghma, Souhad M. A., once mentioned the application of 20980-22-7, Name is 2-(Piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine, molecular formula is C8H12N4, molecular weight is 164.2077, MDL number is MFCD00040742, category is pyrimidines. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, Name: 2-(Piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine.

Electronic Properties of Short Polynucleotides Studied Using Schottky Junctions

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the blueprint of life, has attracted recent attention concerning its potential applications in electronics. In order to realize these applications, charge transfer through the molecule has been subjected to numerous experimental and theoretical studies in the last few decades. As a result of varying experimental conditions, different electrical behaviors have been observed. The sensitive structure of DNA is influenced by extreme environmental conditions as shown in common characterization techniques. Finding a simple yet quantitative accurate method is more efficient for understanding the electronic properties of DNA. In this work, we have employed DNA-specific Schottky junctions integrated within a printed circuit board (PCB) to investigate the properties of the four nitrogenous bases of guanine (G), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and adenine (A) in short polynucleotide form. Acquisition and analysis of the current-voltage (I-V) profiles allowed measurement of selected solid-state parameters corresponding to each of the DNA polynucleotide base. While observing characteristic I-V profiles and parameters, significantly closer and higher conductive profiles were demonstrated for the purines (A and G) as compared to the highly similar profiles of the pyrimidines (T and C) which is in agreement with previous observations. The observations obtained from this work may, therefore, provide a clear conceptualization of the role of each nitrogenous base in charge transfer process through the DNA molecule and allow better understanding of the fingerprinting electronic properties of each base.

If you are interested in 20980-22-7, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Name: 2-(Piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, begins with the direct observation of nature¡ª in this case, of matter.156-83-2, Name is 6-Chloropyrimidine-2,4-diamine, SMILES is NC1=CC(Cl)=NC(N)=N1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Vyshtakalyuk, Alexandra B., introduce the new discover, HPLC of Formula: C4H5ClN4.

Conjugate of pyrimidine derivative, the drug xymedon with succinic acid protects liver cells

The aim of the study was to investigate the hepatoprotective properties of the conjugate of the xymedon drug substance with succinic acid (1a). The study presents an in vitro comparative evaluation of the cytotoxicity and cytoprotective properties of 1a and succinic acid on a cell line of normal human hepatocytes Chang Liver, and in vivo investigation of the ability of 1a to restore liver from the toxic damage caused by CCl4 in Wistar rats. It was shown that the cytotoxicity of 1a was 19.9 +/- 0.8 mmol/L, and that of succinic acid was 14.1 +/- 0.2 mmol/L. Against the background of d-galactosamine exposure, the cytoprotective effect of 1a was found to be superior to that of succinic acid. It was shown that 1a caused a significant reduction in necrotic and steatosis changes in the liver and restoration of biochemical markers of cytolysis, as well as bilirubin metabolism and synthetic liver function.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 156-83-2 is helpful to your research. HPLC of Formula: C4H5ClN4.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Electric Literature of 4318-56-3, Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. 4318-56-3, Name is 6-Chloro-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, SMILES is O=C1N(C)C(C=C(Cl)N1)=O, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Obydennov, Dmitrii L., introduce new discover of the category.

Acyclic Enaminodiones in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds

This review examines current trends in the use of readily accessible acyclic enaminodiones in the synthesis of heterocyclic structures, including medicinal and natural compounds. Enaminodiones are latent tricarbonyl compounds, therefore their synthetic use exploits mainly their electrophilic properties. In addition, they can act as C-nucleophiles and participate in formal (4+2) cycloaddition reactions as ambiphilic reagents, as well as key intermediates in intramolecular cyclizations. The review analyzes the literature published in 2012-2019; the systematization is based on the structure of the formed heterocycle. The bibliography of the review includes 97 sources.

Electric Literature of 4318-56-3, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 4318-56-3.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Electric Literature of 873-83-6, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 873-83-6, Name is 6-Aminopyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, SMILES is O=C1NC(C=C(N)N1)=O, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Lautala, Saara, introduce new discover of the category.

Rigorous Computational Study Reveals What Docking Overlooks: Double Trouble from Membrane Association in Protein Kinase C Modulators

Increasing protein kinase C (PKC) activity is of potential therapeutic value. Its activation involves an interaction between the C1 domain and diacylglycerol (DAG) at intracellular membrane surfaces; DAG mimetics hold promise as new drugs. We previously developed the isophthalate derivative HMI-1a3, an effective but highly lipophilic (clogP = 6.46) DAG mimetic. Although a less lipophilic pyrimidine analog, PYR-IgP (clogP = 3.30), gave positive results in computational docking, it unexpectedly presented greatly diminished binding to PKC in vitro. Through more rigorous computational molecular modeling, we reveal that, unlike HMI-1a3, PYR-1gP forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond, which both obstructs binding and reorients PYR-1gP in the membrane in a fashion that prevents it from correctly accessing the PKC C1 domain. Our results highlight the great value of molecular dynamics simulations as a key component for the drug design process of ligands targeting weakly membrane-associated proteins, where simulation in the relevant membrane environment is crucial for obtaining biologically applicable results.

Electric Literature of 873-83-6, The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called a substrate. Enzyme inhibitors cause a decrease in the reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.I hope my blog about 873-83-6 is helpful to your research.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 156-83-2, Name is 6-Chloropyrimidine-2,4-diamine, molecular formula is C4H5ClN4. In an article, author is Tran, Ai,once mentioned of 156-83-2, Computed Properties of C4H5ClN4.

Divergent synthesis of 5-substituted pyrimidine 2 ‘-deoxynucleosides and their incorporation into oligodeoxynucleotides for the survey of uracil DNA glycosylases

Recent studies have indicated that 5-methylcytosine (5mC) residues in DNA can be oxidized and potentially deaminated to the corresponding thymine analogs. Some of these oxidative DNA damages have been implicated as new epigenetic markers that could have profound influences on chromatin function as well as disease pathology. In response to oxidative damage, the cells have a complex network of repair systems that recognize, remove and rebuild the lesions. However, how the modified nucleobases are detected and repaired remains elusive, largely due to the limited availability of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing these novel DNA modifications. A concise and divergent synthetic strategy to 5mC derivatives has been developed. These derivatives were further elaborated to the corresponding phosphoramidites to enable the site-specific incorporation of modified nucleobases into ODNs using standard solid-phase DNA synthesis. The synthetic methodology, along with the panel of ODNs, is of great value to investigate the biological functions of epigenetically important nucleobases, and to elucidate the diversity in chemical lesion repair.

Interested yet? Keep reading other articles of 156-83-2, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Computed Properties of C4H5ClN4.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia