Tag: M.W:100-200

In an article, author is Hassan, Entesar A., once mentioned the application of 873-83-6, Safety of 6-Aminopyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, Name is 6-Aminopyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, molecular formula is C4H5N3O2, molecular weight is 127.1, MDL number is MFCD00006071, category is pyrimidines. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

A new utility of 1,3,3-tri(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-1-one as a precursor for synthesizing of oxoketene gem-dithiol and 1,2-dithiole-3-thione, using eco-friendly lemon juice as a catalyst

We have synthesized 1,3,3-tri(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-1-one (5) catalyzed by pure citrus lemon juice via direct alkylation reaction of indole (4) with chalcone (3) in an eco-friendly manner. The key synthon, alkylated indole (5) on treatment with carbon disulfide in an alkaline medium afforded the required oxoketene gem-dithiol (6). Treatment of the substrate (6) with some amines afforded pyrimidine derivatives (8) and/or (10). On subjecting oxoketene gem-dithiol (6) to reaction with phosphorus pentasulfide, it afforded 1,2-dithiole-3-thione derivative (11) as a novel synthesized compound. Cycloaddition reactions of 1,2-dithiole-3-thione (11) with quinones, and/or maleic anhydride in different reaction conditions were applied and furnished 2-(1,1,3-tri(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-thioxoprop-an-2-ylidene)-3a,7a-dihydrobenzo[d] [1,3]dithiole-4,7-dione (13); 2-(1,1,3-tri(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-thioxopropan-2-ylidene)dihydro-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-c]furan-4,6-dione (15); 3-(di (1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-3-(1H-indole-3-carbonothioyl)-2-thioxo-2,3,3a,7a-tetrahydro- benzo[b]thiophene-4,7-dione (16) and 3-(di(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-3-(1H-indole-3-carbono-thioyl)-2-thioxo-2,3,3a,9a-tetrahydronaphtho[2,3-b]thiophene-4,9-dione (18).

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, Computed Properties of C4H6N4O, begins with the direct observation of nature¡ª in this case, of matter.56-06-4, Name is 2,6-Diaminopyrimidin-4(1H)-one, SMILES is O=C1N=C(N)NC(N)=C1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Adigun, Rasheed A., introduce the new discover.

Substitutional effects on the reactivity and thermal stability of dihydropyrimidinones

One of the advantages of dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) is the molecular diversity that could be achieved through their synthesis from a three-component reaction by varying the starting reaction materials. Differences in substituted functional groups could lead to varying reactivities and thermal stability amongst the analogues. In this study, two different classes of DHPMs were synthesized and the effects of the various substituents on the DHPM ring were investigated. The compounds were structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, H-1, C-13, COSY, HSQC and HMBC NMR techniques, FT-IR and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). N1 methylation of the DHPM was found to increase the thermal stability of the series of DHPMs investigated, which is an added advantage in thermal reactions. The nature of the alkyl substituent of the ester group at position 5 of the DHPM was also found to affect the ease of the nucleophilic substitution reaction during the functionalization of the DHPMs. A complementary DFT study aided in understanding the above results as well as to compare the general stability of the range of compounds. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 56-06-4. Computed Properties of C4H6N4O.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. , Application In Synthesis of 2-Chloro-5-hydroxypyrimidine, 4983-28-2, Name is 2-Chloro-5-hydroxypyrimidine, molecular formula is C4H3ClN2O, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Sakai, Wataru, introduce the new discover.

Functional impacts of the ubiquitin-proteasome system on DNA damage recognition in global genome nucleotide excision repair

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays crucial roles in regulation of various biological processes, including DNA repair. In mammalian global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER), activation of the DDB2-associated ubiquitin ligase upon UV-induced DNA damage is necessary for efficient recognition of lesions. To date, however, the precise roles of UPS in GG-NER remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that the proteasome subunit PSMD14 and the UPS shuttle factor RAD23B can be recruited to sites with UV-induced photolesions even in the absence of XPC, suggesting that proteolysis occurs at DNA damage sites. Unexpectedly, sustained inhibition of proteasome activity results in aggregation of PSMD14 (presumably with other proteasome components) at the periphery of nucleoli, by which DDB2 is immobilized and sequestered from its lesion recognition functions. Although depletion of PSMD14 alleviates such DDB2 immobilization induced by proteasome inhibitors, recruitment of DDB2 to DNA damage sites is then severely compromised in the absence of PSMD14. Because all of these proteasome dysfunctions selectively impair removal of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, but not (6-4) photoproducts, our results indicate that the functional integrity of the proteasome is essential for the DDB2-mediated lesion recognition sub-pathway, but not for GG-NER initiated through direct lesion recognition by XPC.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 4983-28-2. Application In Synthesis of 2-Chloro-5-hydroxypyrimidine.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Application of 20980-22-7, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 20980-22-7, Name is 2-(Piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine, SMILES is C1(N2CCNCC2)=NC=CC=N1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Gruenke, Paige R., introduce new discover of the category.

2 ‘-fluoro-modified pyrimidines enhance affinity of RNA oligonucleotides to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase

Nucleic acid aptamers can be chemically modified to enhance function, but modifying previously selected aptamers can have nontrivial structural and functional consequences. Wepresent a reselection strategy to evaluate the impact of several modifications on preexisting aptamer pools. RNA aptamer libraries with affinity to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) were retranscribed with 2′-F, 2′-OMe, or 2′-NH2 pyrimidines and subjected to three additional selection cycles. RT inhibition was observed for representative aptamers from several structural families identified by high-throughput sequencing when transcribed with their corresponding modifications. Thus, reselection identified specialized subsets of aptamers that tolerated chemical modifications fromunmodified preenriched libraries. Inhibition was the strongest with the 2′-F-pyrimidine (2′-FY) RNAs, as compared to inhibition by the 2’-OMeY and 2 ‘-NH2Y RNAs. Unexpectedly, a diverse panel of retroviral RTs were strongly inhibited by all 2 ‘-FY-modified transcripts, including sequences that do not inhibit those RTs as unmodified RNA. The magnitude of promiscuous RT inhibition was proportional to mole fraction 2’-FY in the transcript. RT binding affinity by 2 ‘-FY transcripts was more sensitive to salt concentration than binding by unmodified transcripts, indicating that interaction with retroviral RTs is more ionic in character for 2′-FY RNA than for unmodified 2’-OH RNA. These surprising features of 2 ‘-FY-modified RNA may have general implications for applied aptamer technologies.

Application of 20980-22-7, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 20980-22-7.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reference of 156-83-2, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 156-83-2, Name is 6-Chloropyrimidine-2,4-diamine, SMILES is NC1=CC(Cl)=NC(N)=N1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Lu, Zhaolian, introduce new discover of the category.

The origin and evolution of a distinct mechanism of transcription initiation in yeasts

The molecular process of transcription by RNA Polymerase II is highly conserved among eukaryotes (classic model). A distinct way of locating transcription start sites (TSSs) has been identified in a budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (scanning model). Herein, we applied genomic approaches to elucidate the origin of the scanning model and its underlying genetic mechanisms. We first identified TSSs at single-nucleotide resolution for 12 yeast species using the nAnT-iCAGE technique, which significantly improved the annotations of these genomes by providing accurate Sr boundaries for protein-coding genes. We then inferred the initiation mechanism of each species based on its TSS maps and genome sequences. We discovered that the scanning model likely originated after the split of Yarrowia lipolytica and the other budding yeasts. Species that use the scanning model showed an adenine-rich region immediately upstream of the TSS that might facilitate TSS selection. Both initiation mechanisms share a strong preference for pyrimidine-purine dinucleotides surrounding the TSS. Our results suggest that the purine is required to accurately recruit the first nucleotide, thereby increasing the chances of a messenger RNA of being capped during mRNA maturation, which is critical for efficient translation initiation during protein biosynthesis. Based on our findings, we propose a model for TSS selection in the scanning-model species, as well as a model for the stepwise process responsible for the origin and evolution of the scanning model.

Reference of 156-83-2, Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about 156-83-2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 671-35-2, Name is 5-Fluoro-4-hydroxypyrimidine, molecular formula is C4H3FN2O. In an article, author is Alkis, Mehmet Esref,once mentioned of 671-35-2, Recommanded Product: 5-Fluoro-4-hydroxypyrimidine.

Synthesis, characterization, antiproliferative of pyrimidine based ligand and its Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes and effectiveness of electroporation

In the study, a new Schiff base (ligand) was obtained using 4-aminopyrimidine-2(1H)-one, the starting material, and 2,3,4-trimethoxy benzaldehyde. Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes were obtained from the reaction of the ligand and NiCl2 center dot 6H(2)O, PdCl2(CH3CN)(2) (1:1 ratio). These compounds were characterized using the elemental and mass analysis, H-1, C-13-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, magnetic susceptibility, thermal analysis, and the X-ray diffraction analyses. The antiproliferative activities of the synthesized ligand, Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes were identified on the HepG2 (human liver cancer cells) cell line and their biocompatibility was tested on the L-929 (fibroblast cells) cell line by the MTT analysis method. Furthermore, the effects of electroporation (EP) on the cytotoxic activities of synthesized compounds were investigated in HepG2 cancer cells. According to the MTT findings of the study, the ligand did not exhibit an antiproliferative activity while its Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes exhibited an antiproliferative activity. Moreover, it was observed that the antiproliferative activity of the Pd(II) complex was stronger than that of the Ni(II) complex. The combined application of EP + compounds is much more effective than the usage of the compounds alone in the treatment of HepG2 cancer cells. The EP increased the cytotoxicity of the Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes by 1.66, and 2.54 times, respectively. It was concluded that Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes may contribute as potential anti-cancer agents for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and yield promising results in the case of being used in ECT. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, Computed Properties of C4H2BrFN2, begins with the direct observation of nature¡ª in this case, of matter.947533-45-1, Name is 2-bromo-5-fluoropyrimidine, SMILES is FC1=CN=C(Br)N=C1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Liu, Yang, introduce the new discover.

A 3D Adenine-based Cd-MOF: Synthesis, Structure and Photoluminescent Sensing for an Aromatic Azo Compound

A new Cd-MOF containing the nucleobase adenine and multicarboxylates, Cd-2(tdc)(2)(1H-ade)(2)(H2O) (H(2)tdc = 2,5-thiophene carboxylic acid, 1H-ade = adenine), was synthesized successfully under hydrothermal condition and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis and photoluminescence. The two crystallographically unsymmetrical Cd atoms are bridged by 2,5-tdc ligands with (kappa(1)-kappa(1))-(kappa(1))-mu(3) and (kappa(1)-kappa(1))-mu(2) modes into two dimensional extended layers, which are further pillared with the neutral ade molecules to form a 3D frameworks stabilized by extensive pi center dot center dot center dot pi interactions between imidazole-, pyrimidine- and thiophene-rings. Inspection of the structure reveals that the architecture can be simplified as a 3,4,5- connected networks with a Schlafli symbol of (6(2)center dot 8)(4(2)center dot 6(3)center dot 8)(4(2)center dot 6(5)center dot 8(3)). The photochemical property shows that the luminescent emission can be significantly quenched by aromatic azo compounds. The quenching effect coefficient (K-sv) for bis(4-imidazol-1-yl-phenyl)diazene is determined to be 4.1 x 10(4) m(-1), indicating the title compound as a potential fluorescent sensing materials.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 947533-45-1. Computed Properties of C4H2BrFN2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 5399-92-8, Name is 4-Chloro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, formurla is C5H3ClN4. In a document, author is Qiu, Shijie, introducing its new discovery. Application In Synthesis of 4-Chloro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of FOXD1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

FOXD1 has been reported to function as an oncogene in several types of cancer. This study evaluated the expression of FOXD1 and its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We mined the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases for expression profiles, clinical significance, and potential mechanisms of FOXD1 in HNSCC. Our validation cohort consisted of FOXD1 mRNA expression in 162 paired HNSCC and adjacent normal tissues, as determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. FOXD1 expression was upregulated in HNSCC in the public databases and in the validation cohort. The expression level of FOXD1 was associated with DNA amplification and methylation level. The areas under the curves (AUC) of TCGA cohort and the validation cohort were 0.855 and 0.843, respectively. Furthermore, higher FOXD1 expression was significantly associated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.849, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.280-2.670, P = 0.001) and a lower rate of recurrence-free survival (HR: 1.650, 95% CI: 1.058-2.575, P = 0.027) in patients with HNSCC. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis showed that cases of HNSCC with FOXD1 overexpression were enriched in bladder cancer, cell cycle, DNA replication, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis chondroitin sulfate, homologous recombination, glycan biosynthesis, nucleotide excision repair, p53 signaling pathway, pyrimidine metabolism, and spliceosome pathways. In summary, FOXD1 was significantly upregulated in HNSCC and was a good diagnostic biomarker and an independent predictor of poor survival and low rate of recurrence-free survival in patients with HNSCC.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. In an article, author is Mossanen-Parsi, Amir, once mentioned the application of 36315-01-2, Name is 2-Amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine, molecular formula is C6H9N3O2, molecular weight is 155.16, MDL number is MFCD00038832, category is pyrimidines. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, COA of Formula: C6H9N3O2.

Histone mRNA is subject to 3 ‘ uridylation and re-adenylation in Aspergillus nidulans

The role of post-transcriptional RNA modification is of growing interest. One example is the addition of non-templated uridine residues to the 3 ‘ end of transcripts. In mammalian systems, uridylation is integral to cell cycle control of histone mRNA levels. This regulatory mechanism is dependent on the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) component, Upf1, which promotes histone mRNA uridylation and degradation in response to the arrest of DNA synthesis. We have identified a similar system in Aspergillus nidulans, where Upf1 is required for the regulation of histone mRNA levels. However, other NMD components are also implicated, distinguishing it from the mammalian system. As in human cells, 3 ‘ uridylation of histone mRNA is induced upon replication arrest. Disruption of this 3 ‘ tagging has a significant but limited effect on histone transcript regulation, consistent with multiple mechanisms acting to regulate mRNA levels. Interestingly, 3 ‘ end degraded transcripts are also subject to re-adenylation. Both mRNA pyrimidine tagging and re-adenylation are dependent on the same terminal-nucleotidyltransferases, CutA, and CutB, and we show this is consistent with the in vitro activities of both enzymes. Based on these data we argue that mRNA 3 ‘ tagging has diverse and distinct roles associated with transcript degradation, functionality and regulation.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reference of 7226-23-5, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 7226-23-5, Name is 1,3-Dimethyltetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, SMILES is O=C1N(C)CCCN1C, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Faraji, Aram, introduce new discover of the category.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel thienopyrimidine-based agents bearing diaryl urea functionality as potential inhibitors of angiogenesis

Inhibition of angiogenesis is a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-1,3,4-thiadiazole-aryl urea derivatives 11a-m to evaluate their efficacy in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Among target agents, 11i had a considerable activity against prostate cancer cell line, PC3 (IC50 = 3.6 mu M). Moreover, induction of apoptosis, good inhibitory activity against the growth of capillary blood vessels, and inhibition of VEGFR-2 phosphorylation were noticeable parameters which convinced us that 11i could be considered as a promising candidate for the discovery of novel drugs to treat tumors, particularly prostate cancer. (c) 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Reference of 7226-23-5, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 7226-23-5.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia