Tag: M.W:100-200

Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics, Name: 1,3-Dimethyltetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, 7226-23-5, Name is 1,3-Dimethyltetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, SMILES is O=C1N(C)CCCN1C, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Chen, Ren-hao, introduce the new discover.

Effects of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury revealed by metabolomics and transcriptomics

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury is one of the main diseases leading to death and disability. Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms (AS), also known as Panax ginseng, has neuroprotective effects on anti-CIR injury. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of its therapeutic effects is not clear. Aim of the study: To systematically study and explore the mechanism of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms extract (ASE) in the treatment of CIR injury based on metabolomics and transcriptomics. Materials and methods: The pharmacological basis of ASE in the treatment of CIR was evaluated, and samples were used in plasma metabolomics and brain tissue transcriptomics to reveal potential biomarkers. Finally, according to online database, we analyzed biomarkers identified by the two technologies, explained reasons for the therapeutic effect of ASE, and identify therapeutic targets. Results: A total of 53 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified in plasma and 3138 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in brain tissue from three groups of rats, including sham, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), and ASE groups. Enrichment analysis showed that Nme6, Tk1, and Pold1 that are involved in the production of deoxycytidine and thymine were significantly up-regulated and Dck was significantly down-regulated by the intervention with ASE. These findings indicated that ASE participates in the pyrimidine metabolism by significantly regulating the balance between dCTP and dTTP. In addition, ASE repaired and promoted the lipid metabolism in rats, which might be due to the significant expression of Dgkz, Chat, and Gpcpd1. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that ASE regulates the significant changes in gene expression in metabolites pyrimidine, and lipid metabolism in CIR rats and plays an active role in the treatment of CIR injury through multiple targets and pathways.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 7226-23-5. Name: 1,3-Dimethyltetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 7226-23-5, Name is 1,3-Dimethyltetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, formurla is C6H12N2O. In a document, author is Navarro, Eusebio, introducing its new discovery. Product Details of 7226-23-5.

The DASH-type Cryptochrome from the Fungus Mucor circinelloides Is a Canonical CPD-Photolyase

Cryptochromes and photolyases are blue-light photoreceptors and DNA-repair enzymes, respectively, with conserved domains and a common ancestry [1-3]. Photolyases use UV-A and blue light to repair lesions in DNA caused by UV radiation, photoreactivation, although cryptochromes have specialized roles ranging from the regulation of photomorphogenesis in plants, to clock function in animals [4-7]. A group of cryptochromes (cry-DASH) [8] from bacteria, plants, and animals has been shown to repair in vitro cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), but not in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) [9]. Cry-DASH are evolutionary related to 6-4 photolyases and animal cryptochromes, but their biological role has remained elusive. The analysis of several crystal structures of members of the cryptochrome and photolyase family (CPF) allowed the identification of structural and functional similarities between photolyases and cryptochromes [8, 10-12] and led to the proposal that the absence of dsDNA repair activity in cry-DASH is due to the lack of an efficient flipping of the lesion into the catalytic pocket [13]. However, in the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus, cry-DASH has been shown to be capable of repairing CPD lesions in dsDNA as a bona fide photolyase [14]. Here, we show that cry-DASH of a related fungus, Mucor circinelloides, not only repairs CPDs in dsDNA in vitro but is the enzyme responsible for photoreactivation in vivo. A structural model of the M. circinelloides cry-DASH suggests that the capacity to repair lesions in dsDNA is an evolutionary adaptation from an ancestor that only had the capacity to repair lesions in ssDNA.

I hope this article can help some friends in scientific research. I am very proud of our efforts over the past few months and hope to 7226-23-5 help many people in the next few years. Product Details of 7226-23-5.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 671-35-2, Name is 5-Fluoro-4-hydroxypyrimidine, formurla is C4H3FN2O. In a document, author is De Leo, Simone, introducing its new discovery. Category: pyrimidines.

Recent advances in the management of anaplastic thyroid cancer

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is undoubtedly the thyroid cancer histotype with the poorest prognosis. The conventional treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, and conventional chemotherapy. Surgery should be as complete as possible, securing the airway and ensuring access for nutritional support; the current standard of care of radiotherapy is the intensity-modulated radiation therapy; chemotherapy includes the use of doxorubicin or taxanes (paclitaxel or docetaxel) generally with platin (cisplatin or carboplatin). However, frequently, these treatments are not sufficient and a systemic treatment with kinase inhibitors is necessary. These include multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Lenvatinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Vandetanib, Axitinib, Pazopanib, Pyrazolo-pyrimidine compounds), single target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Dabrafenib plus Trametinib and Vemurafenib against BRAF, Gefitinib against EGFR, PPAR gamma ligands (e.g. Efatutazone), Everolimus against mTOR, vascular disruptors (e.g. Fosbretabulin), and immunotherapy (e.g. Spartalizumab and Pembrolizumab, which are anti PD-1/PD-L1 molecules). Therapy should be tailored to the patients and to the tumor genetic profile. A BRAF mutation analysis is mandatory, but a wider evaluation of tumor mutational status (e.g. by next-generation sequencing) is desirable. When a BRAF(V600E) mutation is detected, treatment with Dabrafenib and Trametinib should be preferred: this combination has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic ATC with BRAF(V600E) mutation and with no satisfactory locoregional treatment options. Alternatively, Lenvatinib, regardless of mutational status, reported good results and was approved in Japan for treating unresectable tumors. Other single target mutation agents with fair results are Everolimus when a mutation involving the PI3K/mTOR pathway is detected, Imatinib in case of PDGF-receptors overexpression, and Spartalizumab in case of PD-L1 positive tumors. Several trials are currently evaluating the possible beneficial role of a combinatorial therapy in ATC. Since in this tumor several genetic alterations are usually found, the aim is to inhibit or disrupt several pathways: these combination strategies use therapy targeting angiogenesis, survival, proliferation, and may act against both MAPK and PI3K pathways. Investigating new treatment options is eagerly awaited since, to date, even the molecules with the best radiological results have not been able to provide a durable disease control.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthetic Route of 626-48-2, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 626-48-2, Name is 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, SMILES is CC1=CC(NC(N1)=O)=O, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Zhang, Xiaoyan, introduce new discover of the category.

Serum metabolomic profiling reveals important difference between infants with and without subsequent recurrent wheezing in later childhood after RSV bronchiolitis

We aimed to use serum metabolomics to discriminate infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis who later developed subsequent recurrent wheezing from those who did not and to investigate the relationship between serum metabolome and host immune responses with regard to the subsequent development of recurrent wheezing. Fifty-one infants who were hospitalized during an initial episode of severe RSV bronchiolitis at 6 months of age or less were included and followed for up to the age of 3 years. Of them, 24 developed subsequent recurrent wheezing and 27 did not. Untargeted serum metabolomics was performed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Cytokines were measured by multiplex immunoassay. Difference in serum metabolomic profiles was observed between infants who developed recurrent wheezing and those who did not. L-lactic acid level was significantly higher in infants with recurrent wheezing than those without. Pyrimidine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis were identified as the most significant changed pathways between the two groups. Moreover, L-lactic acid level was positively associated with serum CXCL8 level. This exploratory study showed that differential serum metabolic signatures during severe RSV bronchiolitis in early infancy were associated with the development of subsequent recurrent wheezing in later childhood.

Synthetic Route of 626-48-2, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 626-48-2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Let¡¯s face it, organic chemistry can seem difficult to learn. Especially from a beginner¡¯s point of view. Like 626-48-2, Name is 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione. In a document, author is Zhou, Qian, introducing its new discovery. Category: pyrimidines.

Detection of 5-Formylpyrimidines in DNA Based on Chemoselective Labeling

In addition to the four canonical nucleobases of A, G, T and C, hundreds of chemical modifications have been identified in genome DNA. Among them, 5-formylpyrimidines, including 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-formyluracil (5fU) , are naturally occurring pyrimidine-covalent-modifications and are widely distributed in mammalian cells. Emerging evidence indicates that 5fC not only serves as a key intermediate in active DNA demethylation but also carry independent epigenetic significance; while 5fU was always considered to be an oxidative DNA lesion with high genotoxicity. In order to further understand their regulatory functions , it is necessary to develop accurate, sensitive and facile methods for qualitative, quantitative, and localized detection of 5-formylpyrimidines in the whole genome. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in detecting 5-formylpyrimidines from the perspective of selective chemical labeling.

I hope this article can help some friends in scientific research. I am very proud of our efforts over the past few months and hope to 626-48-2 help many people in the next few years. Category: pyrimidines.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. Formula: C4H3ClN2, 1722-12-9, Name is 2-Chloropyrimidine, SMILES is ClC1=NC=CC=N1, in an article , author is Li, Jia-hui, once mentioned of 1722-12-9.

Synthesis, herbicidal activity study and molecular docking of novel pyrimidine thiourea

According to the pharmacophore binding strategy and principle of bioelectronic isobaric, used the sulfonylurea bridge as the parent structure, a series of novel thiourea compounds containing aromatic-substituted pyrimidines were designed and synthesized. The preliminary herbicidal activity tests showed that some compounds had good herbicidal activity against Digitaria adscendens, Amaranthus retroflexus, especially for compound 4d and 4f. The results showed that compound 4d had an inhibition rate of 81.5% on the root growth of Brassica napus L. at the concentration of 100 mg L-1, and compound 4f had an inhibition rate of 81% on the root growth of Digitaria adscendens at the concentration of 100 mg L-1. Compounds 4d and 4f had higher comparative activity on Echinochloa crus-galli than the commercial herbicide bensulfuron-methyl. The preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) was also summarized. We also tested the in vivo AHAS enzyme activity inhibition experiment of 14 compounds at 100 mg L-1, and the results showed that they all have inhibitory activity on the enzyme, with the highest inhibition rate reaching 44.4% (compound 4d). Based on the results of molecular docking to yeast acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), the possible herbicidal activity mechanism of these compounds was evaluated.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 1722-12-9, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Formula: C4H3ClN2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reactions catalyzed within inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, 5399-92-8, Name is 4-Chloro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, SMILES is ClC1=C2C(NN=C2)=NC=N1, in an article , author is Orellana, Camila A., once mentioned of 5399-92-8, Recommanded Product: 4-Chloro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine.

Time-course transcriptomics reveals that amino acids catabolism plays a key role in toxinogenesis and morphology in Clostridium tetani

Tetanus is a fatal disease caused by Clostridium tetani infections. To prevent infections, a toxoid vaccine, developed almost a century ago, is routinely used in humans and animals. The vaccine is listed in the World Health Organisation list of Essential Medicines and can be produced and administered very cheaply in the developing world for less than one US Dollar per dose. Recent developments in both analytical tools and frameworks for systems biology provide industry with an opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the parameters that determine C. tetani virulence and physiological behaviour in bioreactors. Here, we compared a traditional fermentation process with a fermentation medium supplemented with five heavily consumed amino acids. The experiment demonstrated that amino acid catabolism plays a key role in the virulence of C. tetani. The addition of the five amino acids favoured growth, decreased toxin production and changed C. tetani morphology. Using time-course transcriptomics, we created a fermentation map, which shows that the tetanus toxin transcriptional regulator BotR, P21 and the tetanus toxin gene was downregulated. Moreover, this in-depth analysis revealed potential genes that might be involved in C. tetani virulence regulation. We observed differential expression of genes related to cell separation, surface/cell adhesion, pyrimidine biosynthesis and salvage, flagellar motility, and prophage genes. Overall, the fermentation map shows that, mediated by free amino acid concentrations, virulence in C. tetani is regulated at the transcriptional level and affects a plethora of metabolic functions.

Interested yet? Read on for other articles about 5399-92-8, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Recommanded Product: 4-Chloro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. Quality Control of 5-Fluoro-4-hydroxypyrimidine, 671-35-2, Name is 5-Fluoro-4-hydroxypyrimidine, SMILES is O=C1NC=NC=C1F, in an article , author is Ari, Hatice, once mentioned of 671-35-2.

Monomeric or dimeric? A theoretical and vibrational spectroscopic approach to the structural stability of 5-(4-metoxy benzoyl)-6-(4-metoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyrimidine-4(1H)-on

The structural and the spectral characteristics of a pyrimidine derivative, 5-(4-metoxybenzoyl)-6-(4-metoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyrimidine-4(1H)-on (BPOP) was studied using density functional theory methods (DFT/B3LYP) employing 6-31G(d), 6-31G(d,p), 6-311G(d) and 6-311G(d,p) basis sets. Two BPOP molecules form a dimeric structure linked over two mutual N-H center dot center dot center dot S=C hydrogen bonds on each of the pyrimidine rings. The quantum chemical calculations of the optimized molecular structures, the energies and IR & Raman spectra of the monomeric and the dimeric forms of BPOP have been performed. The HOMO-LUMO and the molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEP) have also been plotted. The thermodynamic functions including enthalpy, entropy and heat capacity values and Mulliken charges of both structures have been calculated. The detailed assignments of vibrational modes have been made on the basis of potential energy distribution (PED). More accurate new scaling factors were obtained for the four basis sets. It was concluded that the experimental wavenumbers are in better agreement with the results of the dimeric structures calculated by all the methods. B3LYP/6-311G(d) method regenerated the best calculated values among the others. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 671-35-2, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Quality Control of 5-Fluoro-4-hydroxypyrimidine.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

4318-56-3, Name is 6-Chloro-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, molecular formula is C5H5ClN2O2, belongs to pyrimidines compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is Khoshniazi, Hamideh, once mentioned the new application about 4318-56-3, Application In Synthesis of 6-Chloro-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione.

Synthesis and antiproliferative assessments of new derivatives of isothiazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine

Various derivatives of 5-aryl-4-imino-3-(phenylamino)-4,5-dihydroisothiazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (3a-f) were synthesized. The synthesis has been done through treatment of 3-amino-4-cyano-5-(phenylamino)isothiazole with various aryl isothiocyanates. The isothiazole skeleton was obtained by the reaction of malononitrile and phenyl isothiocyanate followed by chloramine treatment. Some of the synthesized dihydroisothiazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines were tested against different cancer cell lines, including ACHN, HeLa, HL-60, MCF-7, and PC3. Malignant cells were cultured in RPMI medium and incubated with different concentrations of the mentioned compounds. Cell viability was assessed using the MTS assay. The cytotoxicities of the synthesized compounds are not significant and are probably safe for other biological use.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry is the experimental and theoretical study of materials on their properties at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. 3993-78-0, Name is 2-Amino-4-chloropyrimidine, molecular formula is C4H4ClN3. In an article, author is Rupp, Mira T.,once mentioned of 3993-78-0, Application In Synthesis of 2-Amino-4-chloropyrimidine.

Substituted 2,4-Di(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine-Based Ruthenium Photosensitizers for Hydrogen Photoevolution under Red Light

The photocatalytic reduction of water to form hydrogen gas (H-2) is a promising approach to collect, convert, and store solar energy. Typically, ruthenium tris(bipyridine) and its many derivatives are used as photosensitizers (PSs) in a variety of photocatalytic conditions. The bis(terpyridine) analogues, however, have only recently gained attention for this application because of their poor photophysical properties. Yet, by the introduction of electron-donating or -withdrawing groups on the terpyridine ligands, the photophysical and electrochemical properties can be considerably improved. In this study, we report a series of nonsymmetric 2,6-di(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine ligands with peripheral pyridine substituents in different positions and their corresponding ruthenium(II) complexes. The presence of the pyrimidine ring stabilizes the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, leading to a red-shifted emission and prolonged excited-state lifetimes as well as higher luminescence quantum yields compared to analogous terpyridine complexes. Furthermore, all complexes are easier to reduce than the previously reported bis(terpyridine) complexes used as PSs. Interestingly, the pyridine substituent in the 4-pyrimidine position has a greater impact on both the photophysical and electrochemical properties. This correlation between the substitution pattern and properties of the complexes is further investigated by using time-dependent density functional theory. In hydrogen evolution experiments under blue- and red-light irradiation, all investigated complexes exhibit much higher activity compared to the previously reported ruthenium(II) bis(terpyridine) complexes, but none of the complexes are as stable as the literature compounds, presumably because of an additional decomposition pathway of the reduced PS competing with electron transfer from the reduced PS to the catalyst.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia