Tag: M.W:100-200

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 873-83-6, Name is 6-Aminopyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, formurla is C4H5N3O2. In a document, author is Li, Bolin, introducing its new discovery. Category: pyrimidines.

Luteolin alleviates inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis rats

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease related to intestinal dysbiosis. Luteolin has been reported to reduce inflammation. However, it remains unclear whether luteolin ameliorates UC and regulates gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated the effects of luteolin on colonic structure and inflammation of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced rats using hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and evaluated the effects of luteolin on gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing. We found that luteolin treatment significantly reduced colonic damage, and inhibited colonic inflammation in UC rats, evidenced by the decreased levels of NF-kappa B, IL-17 and IL-23 in UC rats and the increased level of PPAR-gamma. In addition, the 16S rDNA sequencing analysis revealed that luteolin treatment could alter diversity and composition of gut microbiota in UC rats. Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Roseburia and Butyricicoccus were dominant genera in the luteolin group. Luteolin treatment reduced DSS-induced increased ratios of Lactobacillus and Prevotella_9. Furthermore, KEGG analysis revealed that gut microbiota was mainly related to DNA repair and recombination proteins, ribosome, purine metabolism, peptidases, and pyrimidine metabolism. In conclusion, our results revealed that luteolin could alleviate DSS-induced colitis in rats, and gut microbiota had the potential to serve as promising biomarkers for uncovering the mechanism by which luteolin improved UC.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, begins with the direct observation of nature¡ª in this case, of matter.3680-71-5, Name is 1,7-Dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one, SMILES is O=C1C2=C(NC=C2)NC=N1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Fang, Yu, introduce the new discover, HPLC of Formula: C6H5N3O.

The construction of dynamic dysprosium-carboxylate ribbons by utilizing the hybrid-ligand conception

By utilizing the hybrid-ligand conception, three novel dysprosium complexes Dy(2-py-4-pmc)(L)(H2O) (H2-py-4-pmc = 2-(2-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid; L = fumarate (fum, 1), succinate (suc, 2), or pimelate (pim, 3)) have been successfully synthesized. Structural analysis reveals that the dicarboxylate ligands connect 2-py-4-pmc(-)-protected Dy3+ to form one-dimensional molecular ribbons. Magnetic measurements indicate that the three complexes exhibit typical slow magnetic relaxation under a zero dc field with effective reversal barriers U-eff of 180 K, 145 K and 137 K for 1-3, respectively, which is mainly attributed to the strong Ising anisotropy of dysprosium ions induced by the appropriate arrangement of carboxylate groups. Ab initio calculations demonstrate that the charge distribution around dysprosium ions and the magnetic interactions between them are key contributions to their different dynamic behaviour.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 3680-71-5 is helpful to your research. HPLC of Formula: C6H5N3O.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry is the experimental and theoretical study of materials on their properties at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. 7226-23-5, Name is 1,3-Dimethyltetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, molecular formula is C6H12N2O. In an article, author is Portalone, Gustavo,once mentioned of 7226-23-5, Recommanded Product: 1,3-Dimethyltetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one.

5-Fluorocytosine/Isocytosine Monohydrate. The First Example of Isomorphic and Isostructural Co-Crystal of Pyrimidine Nucleobases

To date, despite the crucial role played by cytosine, uracil, and thymine in the DNA/RNA replication process, no examples showing isomorphic and isostructural behavior among binary co-crystals of natural or modified pyrimidine nucleobases have been so far reported in the literature. In view of the relevance of biochemical and pharmaceutical compounds such as pyrimidine nucleobases and their 5-fluoroderivatives, co-crystals of the molecular complex formed by 5-fluorocytosine and isocytosine monohydrate, C4H4FN3O center dot C4H5N3O center dot H2O, have been synthesized by a reaction between 5-fluorocytosine and isocytosine. They represent the first example of isomorphic and isostructural binary co-crystals of pyrimidine nucleobases, as X-ray diffraction analysis shows structural similarities in the solid-state organization of molecules with that of the (1:1) 5-fluorocytosine/5-fluoroisocytosine monohydrate molecular complex, which differs solely in the H/F substitution at the C5 position of isocytosine. Molecules of 5-fluorocytosine and isocytosine are present in the crystal as 1H and 3H-ketoamino tautomers, respectively. They form almost coplanar WC base pairs through nucleobase-to-nucleobase DAA/ADD hydrogen bonding interactions, demonstrating that complementary binding enables the crystallization of specific tautomers. Additional peripheral hydrogen bonds involving all available H atom donor and acceptor sites of the water molecule give a three-dimensional polymeric structure. In the absence of HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSISF hydrogen-bonding interactions, the robustness of the supramolecular architectures based on three-point recognition synthons is responsible for the existence of isostructurality between the two molecular complexes.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 3993-78-0, Name is 2-Amino-4-chloropyrimidine, SMILES is C1=CN=C(N=C1Cl)N, in an article , author is Goryaeva, Marina, V, once mentioned of 3993-78-0, Quality Control of 2-Amino-4-chloropyrimidine.

New multicomponent approach to polyfluoroalkylated pyrido [1,2-a] pyrimidine derivatives and bis-cyclohexenones

A one-pot three-component reactions between polyfluoroalkylated 3-oxo esters and methyl ketones with 1,3-diaminopropane result in 8-hydroxy-9a-alkyl(phenyl)-8-(polyfluomalkyl)octahydro-6H-pyrido [1,2-a] pyrimidin-6-ones, whereas a similar reaction with 1,4-diaminobutane forms a salt with trifluoroacetoacetic ester. In a two-component reaction, diamines with a long aliphatic chain (1,4-diaminobutane, 1,6-diaminohexane and 1,8-diaminooctane) react with an aldol derived from trifluoroacetoacetic ester and acetone, to give bis-cyclohexenones having an aliphatic linker. Using 2-(aminomethyl)aniline in a three-component reaction with polyfluomalky1-3-oxo esters leads to new 7-hydroxy-5a-alkyl(phenyl)-7-(polyfluomalkyl)-5a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido [2,1-b] quinazolin-9(11H)-ones. Regioisomeric and spatial structures of new heterocycles were studied, and the mechanism of their formation was proposed. Some synthesized heterocycles were found to have moderate antiviral activity against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and Coxsackie B3 viruses.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics, 22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, SMILES is CC1=CN=C(Cl)N=C1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Harutyunyan, A. A., introduce the new discover, Name: 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine.

Novel Pyrimidines with Extended pi-Conjugated Chains

The reactions of benzamidine, 4-methyl-, 4-iso-butoxy-, and 4-butoxybenzamidine hydrochlorides with chalcone and substituted chalcones in alcohol in the presence of KOH yielded 2,4,6-triarylpyrimidines. 4-Phenyl-2,6-bis(4-methylphenyl)pyrimidine and 1,3-bis(4-phenyl-6-{4-[(E)-styryl]phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}benzene) were reacted with (2-chlorophenyl)[(1E)-phenylmethylene]amine in the system KOH/LiH/DMF to give, respectively, 4-phenyl-2,6-bis{4-[(E)-styryl]phenyl}pyrimidine and 1,3-bis(4-phenyl-6-{4-[(E)-styryl]phenyl}pyrimidin-2-yl)benzene.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 22536-61-4 is helpful to your research. Name: 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthetic Route of 20980-22-7, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 20980-22-7, Name is 2-(Piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine, SMILES is C1(N2CCNCC2)=NC=CC=N1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Muruzabal, Damian, introduce new discover of the category.

The enzyme-modified comet assay: Past, present and future

The enzyme-modified comet assay was developed in order to detect DNA lesions other than those detected by the standard version (single and double strand breaks and alkali-labile sites). Various lesion-specific enzymes, from the DNA repair machinery of bacteria and humans, have been combined with the comet assay, allowing detection of different oxidized and alkylated bases as well as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, mis-incorporated uracil and apurinic/apyrimidinic sites. The enzyme-modified comet assay has been applied in different fields – human biomonitoring, environmental toxicology, and genotoxicity testing (both in vitro and in vivo) – as well as in basic research. Up to now, twelve enzymes have been employed; here we describe the enzymes and give examples of studies in which they have been applied. The bacterial formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg) and endonuclease III (EndoIll) have been extensively used while others have been used only rarely. Adding further enzymes to the comet assay toolbox could potentially increase the variety of DNA lesions that can be detected. The enzyme-modified comet assay can play a crucial role in the elucidation of the mechanism of action of both direct and indirect genotoxins, thus increasing the value of the assay in the regulatory context.

Synthetic Route of 20980-22-7, Consequently, the presence of a catalyst will permit a system to reach equilibrium more quickly, but it has no effect on the position of the equilibrium as reflected in the value of its equilibrium constant.I hope my blog about 20980-22-7 is helpful to your research.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 2927-71-1, Name is 2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine, SMILES is C1=C(C(=NC(=N1)Cl)Cl)F, in an article , author is Menke, Annika, once mentioned of 2927-71-1, Application In Synthesis of 2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine.

Formation of Cisplatin Adducts with the Epigenetically Relevant Nucleobase 5-Methylcytosine

With about 4 % abundance in the genome 5-methylcytosine (5mC) is one of the most important epigenetic modifications. Change in DNA hypermethylation levels has even been linked to resistances to cisplatin treatment of cancer cells. This work aimed at the synthesis and full characterization of 5mC-cisplatin adducts as well as for the examination of possible side-reactions and transformations. We report the first X-ray crystal structure of a cis-[PtCl(5mC)(NH3)(2)]Cl complex and the formation of [PtCl(5mC)(NH3)(2)](+) and [PtCl(5mC)(2)(NH3)](+) with HR-ESI mass spectrometry. Further, we explore complex formation and dynamics using H-1, Pt-195, and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. UV/Vis absorption and EPR spectroscopy also confirmed the formation of trace amounts of paramagnetic Pt-blue species. In the process, a hemiprotonated 5mC dimer, 5mC-5mCH(+), reminiscent of the i-motif in DNA tetramers, was structurally characterized.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry can be defined as the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. You¡¯ll sometimes hear it called the central science because it is the connection between physics and all the other sciences, starting with biology. 65-71-4, Name is 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, molecular formula is , belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Bose, Chandra, COA of Formula: C5H6N2O2.

Evaluation of a Tubulin-Targeted Pyrimidine Indole Hybrid Molecule as an Anticancer Agent

Several small molecules targeting microtubule dynamics have been developed because microtubules are considered to be one of the most successful cancer chemotherapeutic targets. In this regard, taxol is most worthy to mention which stabilizes microtubule polymer thereby causing defectsinmitotic spindle assembly, chromosome segregation and cell division resulting in cancer inhibition. In this direction, we have earlier reported a small molecule called Pyrimidine-Indole-Hybrid (PIH (P)) which was found to inhibit ciliogenesis by inhibiting both the acetylation and polymerization of tubulin subunits. Here, we have evaluated the anticancer activities of PIH (P) and its water soluble derivatives. Three water soluble derivatives of PIH (P) namely 6 A, 6B and 6 C were synthesized. Among PIH (P) series of compounds, PIH (P) and 6 C were found to be the most potent compounds showing anti-proliferative and cytoskeletal disrupting activities against MCF-7 cells. Not only that, PIH (P) and 6 C also showed a promising effect in preventing cancer cell migration, invasion and colony-formation and helped to reduce spheroid formation by several-folds. They have potential to inhibit the activity of proteins (N-Cadherin, Vimentin) responsible for Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Hence, this class of compound could be a new antimitotic agent that is different from taxol with respect to mechanism, particularly by destabilizing tubulin rather than causing stabilization.

Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data. If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 65-71-4, in my other articles. COA of Formula: C5H6N2O2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

In an article, author is Liu, Ziwei, once mentioned the application of 156-83-2, COA of Formula: C4H5ClN4, Name is 6-Chloropyrimidine-2,4-diamine, molecular formula is C4H5ClN4, molecular weight is 144.56, MDL number is MFCD00006097, category is pyrimidines. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

Photoredox chemistry in the synthesis of 2-aminoazoles implicated in prebiotic nucleic acid synthesis

Prebiotically plausible ferrocyanide-ferricyanide photoredox cycling oxidatively converts thiourea to cyanamide, whilst HCN is reductively homologated to intermediates which either react directly with the cyanamide giving 2-aminoazoles, or have the potential to do so upon loss of HCN from the system. Thiourea itself is produced by heating ammonium thiocyanate, a product of the reaction of HCN and hydrogen sulfide under UV irradiation.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Let¡¯s face it, organic chemistry can seem difficult to learn, Application In Synthesis of 1,3-Dimethyltetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, Especially from a beginner¡¯s point of view. Like 7226-23-5, Name is 1,3-Dimethyltetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, molecular formula is C10H10O3, belongs to phthalazines compound. In a document, author is Ali, T. E., introducing its new discovery.

Regioselective Synthesis of Novel Functionalized Pyrano[2′,3′:4,5]pyrimido[1,6-b][1,2,4,5]triazaphosphepines

The reactions of 6-acetyl- 3-amino-4- imino-7-methyl-5-phenyl-3,5-dihydro-4H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimi dine with triethyl phosphite and some electrophilic reagents, namely 1,2-dibromoethane, oxalyl chloride, chloroacetyl chloride, and ethyl chloroacetate, were studied. These one-pot three-component reactions regioselectively afforded four new 11-acetyl-2-ethoxy-10-methyl-12- phenylpyrano[2′,3′:4,5]pyrimido[1,6-b][1,2,4,5.5]triazaphosphepin-2-ones in 69-73% yields.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia