Tag: M.W:100-200

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called The antimalarial activity of 1,2-dimethoxy-4-[bis(diethylaminoethyl)amino]-5-bromobenzene, published in 1966, which mentions a compound: 148-51-6, mainly applied to , Application of 148-51-6.

Oral administration of 1,2-dimethoxy-4-[bis(diethylaminoethyl)amino]-5-bromobenzene (I) (6.25 mg./kg. by stomach tube 1 day prior to sporozoite inoculation, the day of inoculation, and for 7 days afterwards) completely protected rhesus monkeys from Plasmodium cynomolgi infections; although dose-for-dose I was less active than primaquine, it was less toxic also. Doses as high as 100 mg./kg. were tolerated by 4 of 5 monkeys, while the 5th died of convulsive seizures 30 min. after administration of I; 200 mg./kg. produced fatal convulsions. Vacuolization of the circulating lymphocytes was the only noncentral nervous system reaction to administration of I, either alone or in combination with chloroquine, and the vacuolization was not associated with either hypertropy or involution of the spleen or lymph nodes; simultaneous administration of I and chloroquine did not enhance the toxicity of the former. Although administration of 100 mg. I/kg. for 7 days cured only 3 of 6 monkeys with parasite levels of 10-50/1000 erythrocytes, subsequent treatment with chloroquine was 100% successful. Administration of 25 mg. I/kg. for 14 days with chloroquine (2.5 mg./kg.) for the 1st 7 days produced cures in 21 of 22 monkeys; however, the curative activity of I was inferior to that of primaquine. I also showed prophylactic activity towards plasmodia resistant to chlorguanide and pyrimethamine. Doses of I spaced 7 days apart were ≤50% protective, but 7 days treatment in combination with chloroquine was as effective as the same does of I administered for 14 days. Schizontoidal activity was equal to that of quinine, but I was slower in achieving clearance of parasitemia. Although I per se is not highly effective as a schizontocidal or suppressive drug, it may be used as a prophylactic or radical curative agent when the combination of chloroquine and primaquine is not effective in causal prophylaxis, when a curative agent is required which is effective in less than 10-14 days, and when enhanced susceptibility to the hematotoxicity of primaquine is apparent.

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
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Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t, Research Support, U.S. Gov’t, Non-P.H.S., Chemistry – A European Journal called Preparation and Investigation of Vitamin B6-Derived Aminopyridinol Antioxidants, Author is Serwa, Remigiusz; Nam, Tae-gyu; Valgimigli, Luca; Culbertson, Sean; Rector, Christopher L.; Jeong, Byeong-Seon; Pratt, Derek A.; Porter, Ned A., which mentions a compound: 148-51-6, SMILESS is OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl, Molecular C8H12ClNO2, Electric Literature of C8H12ClNO2.

3-Pyridinols bearing amine substitution para to the hydroxylic moiety have previously been shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation more effectively than typical phenolic antioxidants, for example, α-tocopherol. We report here high-yielding, large-scale syntheses of mono- and bicyclic aminopyridinols from pyridoxine hydrochloride (i.e., vitamin B6). This approach provides straightforward, scaleable access to novel, potent, mol. scaffolds whose antioxidant properties have been investigated in homogeneous solutions and in liposomal vesicles. These mol. aggregates mimic cell membranes that are the targets of oxidative damage in vivo.

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Reference of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride, is researched, Molecular C8H12ClNO2, CAS is 148-51-6, about Inhibition of growth and increased mortality of Mexican bean beetle larvae fed with thiamine and pyridoxine antagonists and reversal of effect with vitamin supplementation. Author is Gothilf, Shmuel; Waites, Robert E..

Repressed growth and survival of Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) larvae were observed when the larvae were fed leaves dipped in 1% solutions of the vitamin analogs oxythiamine, pyrithiamine, or deoxypyridoxine. When the corresponding vitamins, thiamine or pyridoxine, were added to the antivitamins in a 1:1 ratio, the adverse effects of the antivitamins were reversed. Sulfanilamide and pantoyltaurine also increased mortality when used as 1% solutions, but pantothenyl alc., 2-picolinic acid, and 3-acetylpyridine were ineffective.

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The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Chemistry of vitamin B6. IX. Derivatives of 5-deoxypyridoxine》. Authors are Heyl, Dorothea; Harris, Stanton A.; Folkers, Karl.The article about the compound:5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloridecas:148-51-6,SMILESS:OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl).Product Details of 148-51-6. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:148-51-6) is conveyed.

cf. C.A. 47, 8745g. The 5-deoxy derivatives (I) of pyridoxine (II), pyridoxal (III), and pyridoxamine (IV) were prepared and characterized. The I can participate normally in biochemical reactions involving the substituent at the 4-position but cannot be phosphorylated like II, III, and IV. As expected the I had no vitamin B6 activity but were effective antimetabolites. Codecarboxylase has been catalytically hydrogenated to 5-deoxypyridoxine (V); both II and III yielded under the same conditions a mixture of 4-deoxypyridoxine (VI) and V. The absorption spectra of 5-deoxypyridoxal (VII) (recorded) and pure pyridoxal-5-phosphate (codecarboxylase) (VIII) at pH 11.0 and 1.9, resp., are almost identical. The deep yellow color of both VII and VIII in alk. solution together with other absorption characteristics is ascribed to a quinoid structure. 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4-methoxymethyl-5-chloromethylpyridine (IX).HCl (2.38 g.) in 125 cc. MeOH was shaken with H in the presence of 2 g. 5% Pd-Darco, the mixture filtered, and the filtrate concentrated to 20 cc. to yield 1.5 g. (75%) 2,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methoxymethylpyridine (X).HCl, m. 152-3° (from EtOH-Et2O). IX.HCl (23.7 g.) reduced similarly in 2 equal portions, each one in 600 cc. MeOH with 5 g. Pd catalyst yielded 19.0 g. (94%) X.HCl. X.HCl (1.47 g.) in 50 cc. 4N HCl heated 3 hrs. at 180-90° in a sealed tube, the colorless solution filtered, the filtrate concentrated to dryness, and the H2O removed azeotropically with EtOH and C6H6 yielded 0.96 g. (70%) V.HCl, m. 143-3.5° (from EtOH-Et2O); treated with excess NaHCO3 gave V, m. 181-2° (from EtOH). X.HCl was treated in H2O with NaHCO3, the mixture concentrated in vacuo and extracted with Et2O, the extract evaporated, 3.1 g. of the residual free base heated 18 hrs. with 50 cc. MeOH and 50 cc. liquid NH3 in a sealed tube, the mixture evaporated in vacuo to dryness, MeOH added and removed twice by distillation, and the residue extracted with Et2O to leave 1.86 g. (60%) 5-deoxypyridoxamine (XI); m. 160-1° (from MeOH); 2,5-dimethyl-3-p-toluenesulfonoxy-4-p-toluenesulfonylaminopyridine-HCl, m. 194-5° (from EtOH). A small sample of XI was heated 20 min. with Ac2O on a steam bath, the solution concentrated to dryness, the residue treated with EtOH, distilled to dryness, dissolved in HCl, treated with Darco, neutralized with NaHCO3, chilled, and the crystalline deposit recrystallized from C6H6 containing a few drops EtOH to give 2,5-dimethyl-3-acetoxy-4-acetylaminomethylpyridine, m. 174-5°. V.HCl (5.7 g.) was stirred 2 hrs. at 60-70° with 2.8 g. MnO2, 1.5 cc. H2SO4, and 75 cc. H2O, the mixture filtered, the filtrate concentrated in vacuo, the sirup taken up in 15 cc. H2O, excess solid AcONa added, and the thick, crystalline precipitate cooled, filtered off, and washed with ice water to give 1.30 g. (29%) VII, m. 108-9° (from petr. ether); the aqueous filtrate from VII gave with 2 g. NH2OH.HCl 0.9 g. (18%) oxime of VII, m. 239-40° (decomposition) (from EtOH). To the aqueous filtrate of a similar run were added 12 g. NaOAc and 4.5 g. NH2OH.HCl and the mixture was heated 10 min. on a steam bath to yield 2.43 g. (49%) oxime of VII. VII in CHCl3 treated with excess alc. HCl, the solution evaporated in vacuo to dryness, a little H2O added and removed in vacuo, and the residue treated with CHCl3 yielded VII.HCl, m. 191-3° (decomposition). VII (90 mg.) in 1 cc. H2O was cooled in ice, the pH adjusted to 11 with 6N NaOH, 4 drops 30% H2O2 added, the mixture adjusted to pH 3 with HCl and cooled, and the precipitate washed with H2O, EtOH, and Et2O to yield 70 mg. (85%) 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyridine, decomposed 262-70°. Crude Ca codecarboxylase (0.5 g.) was suspended in H2O and treated with 0.7 cc. 6N HCl, the mixture filtered, the filtrate diluted to 50 cc. shaken 2.25 hrs. at atm. pressure with H and 0.5 g. 10% Pd-C, filtered and concentrated to dryness in vacuo, the residue dissolved in about 3 cc. H2O, the solution treated with excess solid NaHCO3, filtered, the filter residue washed with H2O, the combined filtrate and washings were concentrated in vacuo to 5 cc., the concentrate extracted 21 hrs. continuously with CHCl3, the extract evaporated, and the residue treated with alc. HCl and precipitated with Et2O to give 0.07 g. V.HCl, m. 140-1°. III.HCl (0.35 g.) was treated with 0.10 g. CaO and 0.17 g. H3PO4 and hydrogenated similarly to give 0.08 g. (24%) VI.HCl, m. 264-5°, and 0.11 g. (33%) V.HCl; the aqueous filtrate left from the CHCl3-extraction was concentrated to dryness, the residue extracted with EtOH, and the extract acidified with alc. HCl to give 0.11 g. (30%) I.HCl. Similar hydrogenation of 0.40 g. I.HCl in 0.3 cc. 6N HCl and 50 cc. H2O for 4-5 hrs. gave 0.16 g. (42%) VI.HCl and 0.09 g. (24%) V.HCl. Attempted similar hydrogenation of V gave only recovered starting material.

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The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening in Geneva (DEPIST Study).》. Authors are Catarino, Rosa R; Vassilakos, Pierre P; Royannez-Drevard, Isabelle I; Guillot, Cécile C; Alzuphar, Stéphanie S; Fehlmann, Aurore A; Meyer-Hamme, Ulrike U; Petignat, Patrick P.The article about the compound:5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloridecas:148-51-6,SMILESS:OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl).Name: 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:148-51-6) is conveyed.

OBJECTIVES: Cervical screening is only efficient if a large part of eligible women participate. Our aim was to identify sociodemographic barriers to cervical screening and consider self-reported reasons to postpone screening. METHODS: Between September 2011 and June 2015, a questionnaire addressing reasons for nonparticipation in cervical screening was completed by 556 women who had not undergone a Pap test in the preceding 3 years. Pearson χ test was used to analyze differences between subgroups. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for nonparticipation. RESULTS: The main reasons for nonparticipation in cervical cancer screening were practical barriers, such as lack of time and the cost of screening. These barriers were more likely to be reported by working women, women who were not sexually active, and those without health insurance. Younger women, non-European women living in Switzerland, and childless women were more likely to have never participated in a screening program before (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.15; 95% CI, 1.41-6.98; aOR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.48-5.16; aOR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.03-2.99, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Practical considerations seem to play a more important role in screening participation than emotional reasons and other beliefs. Particular attention should be paid to immigrant communities, where women seem more likely to skip cervical screening.

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In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called A convenient and exclusive methoxybromination of alkenes, published in 1976-02-29, which mentions a compound: 65090-78-0, Name is 2-Bromo-3-methoxypropanoic acid, Molecular C4H7BrO3, Electric Literature of C4H7BrO3.

Alkenes R1CR2:CR3R4 (e.g., R1 = Ph, p-tolyl, H; R2 = H, Me; R3 = HCO2Me; R4 = CO2Me, H) were methoxybrominated with Br in MeOH in the presence of AgNO3, Pb(NO3)2 or yellow Pb oxide (which one depended on the nature of the alkene). Cyclohexene was methoxyiodinated similarly in the presence of AgNO3. Electrophilic addition of the elements of MeOBr was general. The trans and stereospecific nature was established by studying dehydrobromination of methoxybromoadducts under E2 elimination conditions.

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Pinkerton, Anthony B.; Peddibhotla, Satyamaheshwar; Yamamoto, Fusayo; Slosky, Lauren M.; Bai, Yushi; Maloney, Patrick; Hershberger, Paul; Hedrick, Michael P.; Falter, Bekhi; Ardecky, Robert J.; Smith, Layton H.; Chung, Thomas D. Y.; Jackson, Michael R.; Caron, Marc G.; Barak, Lawrence S. published an article about the compound: (S)-3-Methoxypyrrolidine( cas:120099-61-8,SMILESS:CO[C@@H]1CNCC1 ).COA of Formula: C5H11NO. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:120099-61-8) through the article.

Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) is a G protein coupled receptor that is widely expressed throughout the central nervous system where it acts as a neuromodulator. Neurotensin receptors have been implicated in a wide variety of CNS disorders but despite extensive efforts to develop small mol. ligands there are few reports of such compounds Herein we describe the optimization of a quinazoline based lead to give 18 (SBI-553(I)), a potent and brain penetrant NTR1 allosteric modulator.

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In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Vitamin B6. II. Reactions and derivatives, published in 1940, which mentions a compound: 148-51-6, mainly applied to , SDS of cas: 148-51-6.

Vitamin B6-HCl (I) in an equal mixture of C5H5N and Ac2O, allowed to stand overnight and then heated on a steam bath for 20 min., gives vitamin B6 triacetate-HCl [2-methyl-3-acetoxy-4,5-bis(acetoxymethyl)-pyridine-HCl], m. 157°; it is stable in 0.01 N HCl but is slowly hydrolyzed in 0.01 N alkali at 37°. Vitamin B6 dibromide-HBr (II) and 3 equivalents AcOAg in a 22% solution of AcOK in AcOH, heated on the steam bath for 0.5 hrs., give 25% of vitamin B6 diacetate-HCl [2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(acetoxymethyl) pyridine-HCl], m. 160-1°; the aqueous solution gives a good FeCl3 test; it has the same relative stability as the tri-Ac derivative Reduction of II with a PdBaSO4 catalyst in EtOH gives 40% of 2,4,5-trimethyl-3-hydroxypyridine, m. 178°; HCl salt, m. 216°. Catalytic reduction of I with the Adams catalyst gives 2,4-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethylpyridine-HCl, m. 267-8°; this is weakly active for the growth and promotion of acid formation by Streptobacterium plantarum, whereas III is inactive. I, exactly neutralized with 1 equivalent of MeONa in MeOH and heated at 125° for 4 hrs., gives a small yield of 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-methoxymethyl-5-hydroxymethylpyridine-HCl (III), m. 181°.

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The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Synthesis of hydroxyamino acids and N-methyl derivatives. III. Synthesis of DL-serine and N-methylserine》. Authors are Izumiya, Nobuo.The article about the compound:2-Bromo-3-methoxypropanoic acidcas:65090-78-0,SMILESS:O=C(O)C(Br)COC).Synthetic Route of C4H7BrO3. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:65090-78-0) is conveyed.

cf. C.A. 45, 4656e. Exptl. procedures for the synthesis of DL-serine and N-methylserine from CH2:CHCO2H (I) are described. I (14.4 g.) added to 14 g. Hg(OAc)2 in 300 cc. of MeOH, and gave after 2 days 54 g. α-acetoxymercuri-β-methoxypropionic acid, m. 200-4°; to this in 200 cc. water and 36 g. KBr, in direct sunlight, was added dropwise 32 g. Br and 36 g. KBr in 60 cc. water; extraction of the mixture with ether after addition of 33 cc. 48% HBr gave 37 g. crude α-bromo-β-methoxypropionic acid (II), b4 92-5°. Aqueous NH3 with 37 g. II gave the α-amino acid (III), decompose 233-4°, in 34% yield (based on I); Cu salt, C8H16O6N2Cu, scarcely soluble in water; phenylurea, MeOCH2CH(NHCONHPh)CO2H, m. 171-2°; N-(p-tolylsulfonyl) derivative (IV), m. 139-41°. Serine was obtained by boiling crude III with 48% HBr (yield 41%, based on I). Heating IV with MeI and 2 N NaOH 1 hr. in a sealed tube at 70° gave β-methoxy-α-[methyl(p-tolylsulfonyl)amino]propionic acid (V), C12H17O5NS, m. 92°. Heating crude 3.7 g. II and 35% 9 cc. MeNH2 4 hrs. in a sealed tube at 100° gave 0.74 g. β-methoxy- α-(methylamino)propionic acid (VI), m. 233° (decomposition); picrolonate, C15H19O8N5, m. 120-1° (decomposition); Cu salt, C10H20O6N2Cu.3H2O, m. 234° (decomposition). The crude product from II and MeNH2 gave with 48% HBr N-methylserine, m. 203-4° (decomposition), 30% yield (based on I); picrolonate, C14H17O8N5, m. 130-4° (decomposition); Cu salt, C8H16O6N2Cu, m. 197-8° (decomposition). VI was also obtained by hydrolysis of V with concentrated HCl.

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The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《The antimalarial activity of 1,2-dimethoxy-4-[bis(diethylaminoethyl)amino]-5-bromobenzene》. Authors are Schmidt, L. H.; Rossan, R. N.; Fradkin, Rochelle; Woods, Janet; Schulemann, Werner; Kratz, Luisa.The article about the compound:5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloridecas:148-51-6,SMILESS:OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl).Application In Synthesis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:148-51-6) is conveyed.

Oral administration of 1,2-dimethoxy-4-[bis(diethylaminoethyl)amino]-5-bromobenzene (I) (6.25 mg./kg. by stomach tube 1 day prior to sporozoite inoculation, the day of inoculation, and for 7 days afterwards) completely protected rhesus monkeys from Plasmodium cynomolgi infections; although dose-for-dose I was less active than primaquine, it was less toxic also. Doses as high as 100 mg./kg. were tolerated by 4 of 5 monkeys, while the 5th died of convulsive seizures 30 min. after administration of I; 200 mg./kg. produced fatal convulsions. Vacuolization of the circulating lymphocytes was the only noncentral nervous system reaction to administration of I, either alone or in combination with chloroquine, and the vacuolization was not associated with either hypertropy or involution of the spleen or lymph nodes; simultaneous administration of I and chloroquine did not enhance the toxicity of the former. Although administration of 100 mg. I/kg. for 7 days cured only 3 of 6 monkeys with parasite levels of 10-50/1000 erythrocytes, subsequent treatment with chloroquine was 100% successful. Administration of 25 mg. I/kg. for 14 days with chloroquine (2.5 mg./kg.) for the 1st 7 days produced cures in 21 of 22 monkeys; however, the curative activity of I was inferior to that of primaquine. I also showed prophylactic activity towards plasmodia resistant to chlorguanide and pyrimethamine. Doses of I spaced 7 days apart were ≤50% protective, but 7 days treatment in combination with chloroquine was as effective as the same does of I administered for 14 days. Schizontoidal activity was equal to that of quinine, but I was slower in achieving clearance of parasitemia. Although I per se is not highly effective as a schizontocidal or suppressive drug, it may be used as a prophylactic or radical curative agent when the combination of chloroquine and primaquine is not effective in causal prophylaxis, when a curative agent is required which is effective in less than 10-14 days, and when enhanced susceptibility to the hematotoxicity of primaquine is apparent.

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