Tag: 200-300

Multiresidue determination of antibiotics in ready-to-eat duck eggs marketed through e-commerce stores in China and subsequent assessment of dietary risks to consumers was written by Ji, Xiaofeng;Xu, Yan;Wang, Jianmei;Lyu, Wentao;Li, Rui;Tan, Simin;Xiao, Yingping;Tang, Biao;Yang, Hua;Qian, Mingrong. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

In this work, the occurrence of 34 common antibiotic (15 sulfonamides and 19 quinolones) residues were evaluated in 236 ready-to-eat duck eggs (salted and preserved duck eggs) marketed through e-commerce stores by ultra-performance liquid chromatog. coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, and subsequent dietary risk assessments for Chinese consumers were conducted. Among violated positives in duck egg samples, 11 analytes were found including sulfamethazine, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, sulfamonomethoxine, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, flumequine, sarafloxacin, and nalidixic acid. A higher number of antibiotics were detected in salted duck eggs (five sulfonamides and six quinolones) than in preserved duck eggs (one sulfonamide and two quinolones). The maximum contamination of sulfonamides and quniolones was 448.0μg/kg (sulfaquinoxaline) and 563.7μg/kg (enrofloxacin) in salted duck eggs, resp. Dietary exposure was evaluated through the estimated daily intake (EDI) of risky antibiotics (sulfamethazine, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin) and hazard quotients (HQs). The results showed that EDIs and HQs were in the range of 0.0004 to 0.0099μg/kg bw/day and 0.0009 to 0.1594%, resp. The risk was low since HQs obtained were less than 100%. However, a special attention should be paid to ready-to-eat duck egg products high percentile consumers with the prosperity of e-commerce market in China. The present anal. method could be used for multiresidue determination of antibiotics in ready-to-eat duck eggs, and dietary risk assessments of risky antibiotics provided a support for the work of regulatory bodies to conduct surveillance programs regarding food safety evaluation of ready-to-eat foods. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

RAF inhibitors that evade paradoxical MAPK pathway activation was written by Zhang, Chao;Spevak, Wayne;Zhang, Ying;Burton, Elizabeth A.;Ma, Yan;Habets, Gaston;Zhang, Jiazhong;Lin, Jack;Ewing, Todd;Matusow, Bernice;Tsang, Garson;Marimuthu, Adhirai;Cho, Hanna;Wu, Guoxian;Wang, Weiru;Fong, Daniel;Nguyen, Hoa;Shi, Songyuan;Womack, Patrick;Nespi, Marika;Shellooe, Rafe;Carias, Heidi;Powell, Ben;Light, Emily;Sanftner, Laura;Walters, Jason;Tsai, James;West, Brian L.;Visor, Gary;Rezaei, Hamid;Lin, Paul S.;Nolop, Keith;Ibrahim, Prabha N.;Hirth, Peter;Bollag, Gideon. And the article was included in Nature (London, United Kingdom) in 2015.SDS of cas: 1375301-91-9 This article mentions the following:

Oncogenic activation of BRAF fuels cancer growth by constitutively promoting RAS-independent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway signalling. Accordingly, RAF inhibitors have brought substantially improved personalized treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, these targeted agents have also revealed an unexpected consequence: stimulated growth of certain cancers. Structurally diverse ATP-competitive RAF inhibitors can either inhibit or paradoxically activate the MAPK pathway, depending whether activation is by BRAF mutation or by an upstream event, such as RAS mutation or receptor tyrosine kinase activation. Here we have identified next-generation RAF inhibitors (dubbed ‘paradox breakers’) that suppress mutant BRAF cells without activating the MAPK pathway in cells bearing upstream activation. In cells that express the same HRAS mutation prevalent in squamous tumors from patients treated with RAF inhibitors, the first-generation RAF inhibitor vemurafenib stimulated in vitro and in vivo growth and induced expression of MAPK pathway response genes; by contrast the paradox breakers PLX7904 and PLX8394 had no effect. Paradox breakers also overcame several known mechanisms of resistance to first-generation RAF inhibitors. Dissociating MAPK pathway inhibition from paradoxical activation might yield both improved safety and more durable efficacy than first-generation RAF inhibitors, a concept currently undergoing human clin. evaluation with PLX8394. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Cyclopropyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrimidine (cas: 1375301-91-9SDS of cas: 1375301-91-9).

2-Cyclopropyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrimidine (cas: 1375301-91-9) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.SDS of cas: 1375301-91-9

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Discovery of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole Derivatives as Potent Jak2 Inhibitors was written by Su, Qibin;Ioannidis, Stephanos;Chuaqui, Claudio;Almeida, Lynsie;Alimzhanov, Marat;Bebernitz, Geraldine;Bell, Kirsten;Block, Michael;Howard, Tina;Huang, Shan;Huszar, Dennis;Read, Jon A.;Rivard Costa, Caroline;Shi, Jie;Su, Mei;Ye, Minwei;Zinda, Michael. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.Related Products of 35265-83-9 This article mentions the following:

Structure based design, synthesis, and biol. evaluation of a novel series of 1-methyl-1H-imidazole, as potent Jak2 inhibitors to modulate the Jak/STAT pathway, are described. Using the C-ring fragment from our first clin. candidate AZD1480 (I), optimization of the series led to the discovery of compound II, a potent, orally bioavailable Jak2 inhibitor. Compound II displayed a high level of cellular activity in hematopoietic cell lines harboring the V617F mutation and in murine BaF3 TEL-Jak2 cells. Compound II demonstrated significant tumor growth inhibition in a UKE-1 xenograft model within a well-tolerated dose range. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichloro-7-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine (cas: 35265-83-9Related Products of 35265-83-9).

2,4-Dichloro-7-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine (cas: 35265-83-9) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. Drugs having the pyrimidine motif have manifested to exhibit gratifying biological activity like anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antihypertensive activities.Related Products of 35265-83-9

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Transition-metal-free synthesis of pyrimidines from lignin β-O-4 segments via a one-pot multi-component reaction was written by Zhang, Bo;Guo, Tenglong;Li, Zhewei;Kuhn, Fritz E.;Lei, Ming;Zhao, Zongbao K.;Xiao, Jianliang;Zhang, Jian;Xu, Dezhu;Zhang, Tao;Li, Changzhi. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2022.Name: 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine This article mentions the following:

In this work, the synthesis of pyrimidines from lignin β-O-4 model compounds, the most abundant segment in lignin, mediated by NaOH through a one-pot multi-component cascade reaction is reported. Mechanism study suggests that the transformation starts by NaOH-induced deprotonation of Cα-H bond in β-O-4 model compounds, and involves highly coupled sequential cleavage of C-O bonds, alc. dehydrogenation, aldol condensation, and dehydrogenative aromatization. This strategy features transition-metal free catalysis, a sustainable universal approach, no need of external oxidant/reductant, and an efficient one-pot process, thus providing an unprecedented opportunity for N-containing aromatic heterocyclic compounds synthesis from biorenewable feedstock. With this protocol, an important marine alkaloid meridianin derivative can be synthesized, emphasizing the application feasibility in pharmaceutical synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Name: 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Heterocyclic compounds bearing the pyrimidine core are of tremendous interest as they constitute an important class of natural and synthetic compounds exhibiting diverse useful biological activities that hold attractive potential for clinical translation as therapeutic agents in alleviation of a myriad of diseases. Pyrimidine derivatives have been used in a wide variety of pharmaceuticals including general anesthetics, anti-epilepsy medication, anti-malaria medication, drugs for treating high blood pressure, and HIV medication.Name: 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Comparison and prioritization of antibiotics in a reservoir and its inflow rivers of Beijing, China was written by Hu, Jingrun;Qi, Dianqing;Chen, Qian;Sun, Weiling. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2022.Product Details of 1220-83-3 This article mentions the following:

The occurrence of antibiotics in drinking water resources, like reservoirs, is of considerable concern due to their potential risks to ecosystem, human health, and antimicrobial resistance development. Here, we quantified 83 antibiotics in water and sediments of wet and dry seasons from the Miyun reservoir and its inflow rivers in Beijing, China. Twenty-four antibiotics were detected in water with concentrations of ND-11.6 ng/L and 19 antibiotics were observed in sediments with concentrations of ND-6.50 ng/g. Sulfonamides (SAs) were the dominated antibiotics in water in two seasons. SAs and quinolones (QNs) in wet season and macrolides (MLs) and QNs in dry season predominated in sediments. The reservoir and inflow rivers showed significant differences in antibiotic concentrations and compositions in water and sediments. As an important input source of reservoir, the river water showed significantly higher total antibiotic concentrations than those in the reservoir. In contrast, the reservoir sediments are the sink of antibiotics, and had higher total antibiotic concentrations compared with rivers. A prioritization approach based on the overall risk scores and detection frequencies of antibiotics was developed, and 3 (sulfaguanidine, anhydroerythromycin, and sulfamethoxazole) and 5 (doxycycline, sulfadiazine, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and flumequine) antibiotics with high and moderate priority, resp., were screened. The study provides a comprehensive insight of antibiotics in the Miyun Reservoir and its inflow rivers, and is significant for future monitoring and pollution mitigation of antibiotics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Product Details of 1220-83-3).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. As nucleotides in DNA and RNA, pyrimidine nucleotide derivatives have a wide range of biological applications. For example, pyrimidine derivatives are useful in DNA repair studies involving cancer and epigenetics.Product Details of 1220-83-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Azolyl Pyrimidinyl Acetamides was written by N., Hussain Basha;T., Rekha;Guda, Dinneswara Reddy;Padmaja, Adivireddy;Padmavathi, V.. And the article was included in Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 40230-24-8 This article mentions the following:

A variety of azolyl pyrimidinyl acetamides I (X = O, S, NH; Ar = Ph, 2-furyl, 4-pyridyl, etc.) were prepared from azolyl glycinate and 4,6-diaryl/heteroarylpyrimidinyl-2-amines in the presence of DMAP under ultrasonication. Nitrophenyl, pyridinyl and indolyl substituted thiazolyl pyrimidinyl acetamides, I (X = S; Ar = 4-O₂NC₆H₄), I (X = S; Ar = 4-pyridyl), I (X = S; Ar = 3-indolyl) and imidazolyl pyrimidinyl acetamides I (X = NH; Ar = 4-O₂NC₆H₄), I (X = NH; Ar = 4-pyridyl), I (X = NH; Ar = 3-indolyl) showed excellent antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and MBC is 2xMIC. The compounds, I (X = S; Ar = 4-O₂NC₆H₄), I (X = NH; Ar = 4-O₂NC₆H₄) and I (X = NH; Ar = 4-pyridyl) and also showed excellent antifungal activity against A. niger and MFC is 2xMIC. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8HPLC of Formula: 40230-24-8).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Heterocyclic compounds bearing the pyrimidine core are of tremendous interest as they constitute an important class of natural and synthetic compounds exhibiting diverse useful biological activities that hold attractive potential for clinical translation as therapeutic agents in alleviation of a myriad of diseases. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.HPLC of Formula: 40230-24-8

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Divergent Solution-Phase Synthesis of Diarylpyrimidine Libraries as Selective A₃ Adenosine Receptor Antagonists was written by Yaziji, Vicente;Coelho, Alberto;El Maatougui, Abdelaziz;Brea, Jose;Loza, M. Isabel;Garcia-Mera, Xerardo;Sotelo, Eddy. And the article was included in Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry in 2009.Electric Literature of C16H13N3 This article mentions the following:

A practical and divergent solution-phase synthetic strategy has been optimized to prepare a highly diverse library of 2,4-diaryl- and 2,6-diarylpyrimidines. Structural elaboration of the starting heterocyclic scaffolds was accomplished by exploiting the potential for diversity offered by the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. These studies enabled the identification of structurally simple, highly potent, and selective A₃ adenosine receptor antagonists. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Electric Literature of C16H13N3).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.Electric Literature of C16H13N3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis of amido sulfonamido heteroaromatics under ultrasonication and their antimicrobial activity was written by Gari Divya, Kuppi Reddy;Lakshmi Teja, Gaddam;Yamini, Gudi;Padmaja, Adivireddy;Padmavathi, Venkatapuram. And the article was included in Chemistry & Biodiversity in 2019.Formula: C16H13N3 This article mentions the following:

A convenient and facile methodol. for N-sulfonylation of heteroaryl amines with Et chlorosulfonylacetate in the presence of dispersed sodium in THF under ultrasonication is reported. The corresponding heteroaryl sulfonamido esters are directly condensed with heteroaryl amines to get amido sulfonamido heteroaromatics in the presence of a mild base in THF under ultrasonication. Utilization of easy reaction conditions, shorter reaction times, and isolation of products in high yields under ultrasonication make this process as economically viable. The compounds 12c, 12d, 12f and 13f are potential antibacterial agents against B. subtilis and the compounds 12f, 13c and 13f are potential antifungal agents against A. niger. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Formula: C16H13N3).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.Formula: C16H13N3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Predicting mass loadings of sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and lincomycin discharged into surface waters in Japanese river catchments was written by Hanamoto, Seiya;Yamamoto-Ikemoto, Ryoko;Tanaka, Hiroaki. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2021.Related Products of 1220-83-3 This article mentions the following:

Japanese strategies for the management of livestock waste suggest effluent discharge from livestock farms as major pathways of entry of veterinary antibiotics into surface waters. To aid control of their sources, we developed a model for predicting annual loads of antibiotics discharged into surface waters as effluent from livestock farms, sewage treatment plants, and households, using population, usage, excretion, removal, and fraction of livestock waste treated as wastewater. To verify the model, we monitored three antibiotics which are much used for livestock in Japan and are stable during river transport-i.e., sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and lincomycin (LCM)-over one year in the Oyodo River, which has the most active swine farming area in Japan in its catchment. Concentrations and mass flows of SMM and SMX showed a sharp peak in winter, and those of LCM were also higher in winter than in summer in the river. Annual mass flows observed in the river and reported in three other Japanese rivers were within a range of 1/2 to 2 times the model estimates Effluent from swine farms contributed largely to mass flows of SMM and LCM in the rivers, while human wastewater from sewage treatment plants and households contributed partly to substantially to those of SMX. Estimated contributions of surface runoff from agricultural land to the annual mass flows in the rivers were < 1%, in agreement with the prediction made by limiting sources to effluent. Although other locations and antibiotics should be studied in the future, this first attempt at modeling the load of veterinary antibiotics discharged from livestock farms provides a new perspective on how to reduce movement of these compounds into surface waters in catchments where wastewater treatment is or could be used in managing livestock waste. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Related Products of 1220-83-3).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Related Products of 1220-83-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

An exhaustive investigation on antibiotics contamination from livestock farms within sensitive reservoir water area: Spatial density, source apportionment and risk assessment was written by Zhang, Keqiang;Ruan, Rong;Zhang, Zulin;Zhi, Suli. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Computed Properties of C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:

Although the studies on antibiotic contamination are common at present, large-scale sampling studies drawing highly representative conclusions are still scarce. This study conducted a comprehensive investigation on a total of 1183 samples from 70 livestock farms within a sensitive area around reservoir waters. 45 types of antibiotics belonging to 5 different classes were monitored. This is the first anal. to comprehensively investigate the d. distribution, source apportionment, ecol. and health risk of antibiotics in an entire area of sensitive waters. The results showed that the layer manure samples had highest detection rate of antibiotics (0.0 %-96.1 %, average value = 30.7 %) followed by pig manure samples. Oxytetracycline had the highest concentration of 712.16 mg/kg in a pig manure sample. Different from using antibiotic concentration as a proxy for pollution level, the spatial d. was calculated by averaging antibiotic concentration to area and converting different livestock to pig equivalent The spatial d. of pig equivalent can more realistically reflect the pollution caused by different breeds of livestocks. It was shown that the pig farms contributed higher to total antibiotic d. than the layer and cattle farms did. After assessed, a few antibiotics (oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline and tetracycline) have posed high ecol. risks to soil around the farms. However, none of them caused hazard quotient (HQ) risk and carcinogenic risk (CR) to human health in the water of reservoir. Children were more likely to be at hazard risk than adults. Antibiotic mass fluctuation rules were analyzed along the chain (feed �livestock waste �soil �surface water). Feed, livestock waste and soil had similar diversity, but the antibiotic concentrations continued to decline, implying the possible sources of antibiotic residues were similar. Thus, it is important to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use to prevent the potential long-term risk of antibiotics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Computed Properties of C11H12N4O3S).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The aromatic compound pyrimidine, and its derivatives, are ubiquitous in nature. They are found in nucleic acids, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, alkaloids, and a variety of toxins. Drugs having the pyrimidine motif have manifested to exhibit gratifying biological activity like anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antihypertensive activities.Computed Properties of C11H12N4O3S

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia