Tag: 200-300

Simultaneous preconcentration and determination of sulfonamide antibiotics in milk and yoghurt by dynamic pH junction focusing coupled with capillary electrophoresis was written by Semail, Nadhiratul-Farihin;Abdul Keyon, Aemi Syazwani;Saad, Bahruddin;Kamaruzaman, Sazlinda;Mohamad Zain, Nur Nadhirah;Lim, Vuanghao;Miskam, Mazidatulakmam;Wan Abdullah, Wan Nazwanie;Yahaya, Noorfatimah;Chen, David D. Y.. And the article was included in Talanta in 2022.Formula: C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:

A dynamic pH junction was used in capillary electrophoresis (CE-DAD) to online preconc., sep., and determine trace amounts of sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) in milk and yoghurt samples in this study. A sample matrix with 0.15% acetic acid and 10% methanol (MeOH) at a pH of 4.0, and a background electrolyte (BGE) that contained 35 mM sodium citrate with 10% MeOH at a pH of 8.5, and an acidic barrage of 0.4% acetic acid with 10% MeOH at a pH of 2.5 were utilized to achieve a stacking effect for SAs through a dynamic pH junction. Under optimized conditions, the proposed preconcentration method showed good linearity (30-500 ng/mL, r2 ≥ 0.9940), low limits of detection (LODs) of 4.1-6.3 ng/mL, and acceptable analytes recovery (81.2-106.9%) with relative standard deviations (RSDs) within 5.3-13.7 (n = 9). The limits of quantification (LOQs) were below the maximum residue limit approved by the European Union (EU) in this type of matrixes. Sensitivity enhancement factors of up to 129 were reached with the optimized dynamic pH junction using CE with a diode array detector (DAD). The method was used to determine SAs in fresh milk, low-fat milk, full-cream milk, and yoghurt samples. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Formula: C11H12N4O3S).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. Pyrimidine derivatives also play an important role in drug development, either in concert with other compounds or on their own.Formula: C11H12N4O3S

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Non-nucleoside inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: 2-Aryl-3-heteroaryl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives was written by Rawal, Ravindra K.;Katti, S. B.;Kaushik-Basu, Neerja;Arora, Payal;Pan, Zhenhua. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2008.Quality Control of 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine This article mentions the following:

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B RNA polymerase is crucial for replicating the HCV RNA genome and is an attractive target for developing anti-HCV drugs. A novel series of 2,3-diaryl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives were evaluated for their ability to inhibit HCV NS5B. Several compounds emerged as more potent, displaying over 95% inhibition of NS5B RNA polymerase activity in vitro. The two most active compounds exhibited an IC₅₀ of 31.9 μM and 32.2 μM, resp., against HCV NS5B. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Quality Control of 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Heterocyclic compounds bearing the pyrimidine core are of tremendous interest as they constitute an important class of natural and synthetic compounds exhibiting diverse useful biological activities that hold attractive potential for clinical translation as therapeutic agents in alleviation of a myriad of diseases. Pyrimidine derivatives have been used in a wide variety of pharmaceuticals including general anesthetics, anti-epilepsy medication, anti-malaria medication, drugs for treating high blood pressure, and HIV medication.Quality Control of 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis of some derivatives of 1-(2′,3′,4′,6′-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-(4”,6”-diarylpyrimidine-2”-yl)-thioureas was written by Nguyen, Dinh Thanh;Nguyen, Thi Thanh Mai. And the article was included in Tap Chi Hoa Hoc in 2008.Category: pyrimidines This article mentions the following:

Thioureas I (R¹ = H, 4-Cl, 3-Cl, 4-Br, 4-OMe; R² = Ac) were synthesized from the corresponding glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate and 2-amino-4,6-diarylpyrimidines using two different synthetic methods. Hydrolysis of I (R² = Ac) afforded the corresponding deacetylated thioureas I (R² = H). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Category: pyrimidines).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The aromatic compound pyrimidine, and its derivatives, are ubiquitous in nature. They are found in nucleic acids, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, alkaloids, and a variety of toxins. Pyrimidine derivatives have been used in a wide variety of pharmaceuticals including general anesthetics, anti-epilepsy medication, anti-malaria medication, drugs for treating high blood pressure, and HIV medication.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Development of a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method based on melamine sponge for multi-residue analysis of veterinary drugs in milks by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was written by Ji, Baocheng;Zhao, Wenhao;Xu, Xu;Han, Yu;Jie, Mingsha;Xu, Gaigai;Bai, Yanhong. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2021.Formula: C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:

The purpose of this study was to develop a modified QuEChERS method based on melamine sponge for rapid determination of multi-class veterinary drugs in milks by UPLC-MS/MS. Through simple infiltration and extrusion, fast and convenient matrix purification could be achieved within several seconds, and there was no need of extra phase separation operations. Good linearity with correlation coefficient (R2) ≥0.999 was obtained for all drugs in the range of 2∼500μg·kg-1. The obtained matrix effects were within ±20% for all monitored drugs. The recoveries of all monitored drugs ranged from 60.7% to 116.0% at three spiked levels (50, 100, and 200μg·kg-1), with relative standard deviations less than 7.4%. Comparatively low LODs and LOQs were obtained in the ranges of 0.1∼3.8μg·kg-1 and 0.2∼6.3μg·kg-1, resp. Compared with conventional purification adsorbents, melamine sponge yielded an equal or higher purification performance with matrix removal rate as high as 52.5% and acceptable recoveries in range of 60%-120% for all monitored drugs. The satisfactory results have demonstrated the good potential of melamine sponge in matrix purification for rapid determination of multiclass residues in food safety. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Formula: C11H12N4O3S).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. As nucleotides in DNA and RNA, pyrimidine nucleotide derivatives have a wide range of biological applications. For example, pyrimidine derivatives are useful in DNA repair studies involving cancer and epigenetics.Formula: C11H12N4O3S

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Copper-catalyzed three-component formal [3+1+2] annulations for the synthesis of 2-aminopyrimidines from O-acyl ketoximes was written by Xu, Zhenhua;Chen, Hongbiao;Deng, Guo-Jun;Huang, Huawen. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2021.SDS of cas: 40230-24-8 This article mentions the following:

A copper-based catalytic system has been developed to enable formal [3+1+2] annulations of ketoxime acetates, e.g., 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one O-acetyl oxime aldehydes, e.g., benzaldehyde and cyanamide. This protocol offers a new strategy for the synthesis of highly substituted 2-aminopyrimidine compounds e.g., I, and more importantly, pyrimidines have now been included in the N-heterocycle family constructed using O-acyl ketoximes as N-C-C synthons. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8SDS of cas: 40230-24-8).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.SDS of cas: 40230-24-8

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On heterocycles, part 43. Polycyclic 2-alken-1-one-guanidine condensates was written by Wendelin, Winfried;Harler, Anton. And the article was included in Monatshefte fuer Chemie in 1976.Category: pyrimidines This article mentions the following:

Guanidine was treated with 1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one to give the dehydropyrimidine I, II (R = Ph), and 2,4,6,8-tetraphenyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine (III). 4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one with guanidine gave 7-methyl-4,5-diphenyl-4,4a,5,6,7,8,10,10a-octahydro-7,10a-methanopyrimido[4,5-d]diazocine-2,9(1H,3H)-diimine (IV) and II (R = Me). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Category: pyrimidines).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Effects of chronic exposure of antibiotics on microbial community structure and functions in hyporheic zone sediments was written by Zhang, Lili;Zhang, Cheng;Lian, Keting;Liu, Chongxuan. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2021.Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:

Microbial communities in hyporheic zones (HZ) provide vital biogeochem. functions such as contaminant degradation for river ecosystems. Antibiotics are contaminants that have been increasingly detected in HZ sediments. In this study, sediments from different HZ locations in a contaminated river, Maozhou river, China were sampled and analyzed using qPCR and high-throughput sequencing to investigate the effect of antibiotic contamination on microbial community structures and functions in HZ sediments. Results indicated that types and concentrations of antibiotics in HZ sediments were heterogeneously distributed that were largely consistent with the distribution of antibiotic sources. Sediments near animal farm and hospital contained higher antibiotic concentrations compared with those from mainstream. The distribution of ARGs was well correlated with antibiotics. Bacterial indicator genera indicating differences between mainstream area and other sampling areas were pos. correlated with antibiotics, suggesting the influences of antibiotics on reshaping microbial community structures. PICRUSt revealed pos. relationships between antibiotics and predicted functional genes involved in defense, signal transduction, and recombination and repair. This imply the defensive response of microbial communities on antibiotic attack. These results indicated that antibiotic contamination in the watershed posed a potential risk on HZ microbial community structures and functions, which may further threaten river ecosystem functions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. Pyrimidine derivatives also play an important role in drug development, either in concert with other compounds or on their own.Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Syntheses with pyrimidine-lithium compounds. III. Bipyrimidines from 2,4-disubstituted 5-bromopyrimidines was written by Strekowski, Lucjan. And the article was included in Bulletin de l’Academie Polonaise des Sciences, Serie des Sciences Chimiques in 1976.HPLC of Formula: 59549-51-8 This article mentions the following:

The bipyrimidines I (R = Me2N, piperidino, and MeO, R1 = MeO; R = MeO, R1 = MeS) were prepared by treating II with BuLi in THF. II (R = R1 = Me3CO) with BuLi in THF gave I and the 4,4′-bipyridine derivatives, but in Et2O gave only I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-2-chloro-4-(methylthio)pyrimidine (cas: 59549-51-8HPLC of Formula: 59549-51-8).

5-Bromo-2-chloro-4-(methylthio)pyrimidine (cas: 59549-51-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.HPLC of Formula: 59549-51-8

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Detection of fluoroquinolone and sulfonamide residues in poultry eggs in Kunming city, southwest China was written by Wang, Rui;Zhang, Chen-Xi;Li, Zhuo-Yang;Zheng, Zhi-Yuan;Xiang, Yi;Liu, Yang;Zhao, Rong-Fang;Fang, Jing. And the article was included in Poultry Science in 2022.Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

Antibiotic residues contained in poultry eggs pose threat to human health. However, the classes and concentrations of antibiotics in poultry egg in southwestern China is unknown due to insufficient monitoring and research. A total of 513 egg samples were collected from supermarkets and farm markets in Kunming city in 2020 and the levels of 7 antibiotics were analyzed using ultra high performance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method. The linear correlation coefficients were above 0.990 for all antibiotics tested. The limits of detection and limits of quantification in poultry eggs were 0.002 to 0.010 μg/g and 0.007 to 0.033 μg/g, resp. The average recoveries of the 7 analytes from poultry egg samples were 80.00 to 128.01%, with relative standard deviations of less than 13.97%. A total of 93 (18.13%) samples tested pos. for antibiotics, with the highest concentration being 2.48 μg/g. The concentration range of ofloxacin, danofloxacin, difloxacin, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, and sulfamethoxazole in poultry eggs was 0.01 to 0.37 μg/g, 0.06 to 0.48 μg/g, 0.05 to 0.29 μg/g, 0.03 to 0.16 μg/g, 0.06 to 1.00 μg/g, 0.05 to 0.37, and 0.07 to 2.48 μg/g, resp. Sulfamonomethoxine was detected from hen eggs with the highest concentration level at 1.00 μg/g. Sulfamethoxazole was detected with the highest concentration level from both duck and quail eggs, at 1.87 and 2.48 μg/g, resp. The antibiotic with the highest residue level in pheasant eggs was danofloxacin, which was 0.37 μg/g. Sulfamethoxypyridazine was identified in 30 samples with the highest pos. rate of 5.85%, sulfadimethoxine was identified in 3 samples with the lowest pos. rate of 0.58%. We observed that 7 targeted antibiotic residues in quail eggs and 3 targeted antibiotic residues in pheasant eggs. We also found that there were antibiotic residues in free-range hen eggs and the concentration was not low. The antibiotic with the highest residue level in free-range eggs was sulfamonomethoxine, which was 1.00 μg/g. These findings suggest that continual antibiotic residue monitoring of poultry eggs is essential in China. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Profiling of the spatiotemporal distribution, risks, and prioritization of antibiotics in the waters of Laizhou Bay, northern China was written by Lu, Shuang;Lin, Chunye;Lei, Kai;Xin, Ming;Gu, Xiang;Lian, Maoshan;Wang, Baodong;Liu, Xitao;Ouyang, Wei;He, Mengchang. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2022.Computed Properties of C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:

We investigated the spatiotemporal distributions, risks, and prioritization of 15 widely used antibiotics in Laizhou Bay (LZB). Water samples (145) were collected from LZB and its estuaries and analyzed. Twelve antibiotics, with total concentrations of 241-1450 and 69-289 ng L^-1 in estuarine water and seawater, resp., were detected, with the contributions of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin exceeding 70%. Amoxicillin was firstly determined, which contributed to 20% and 46% of the total antibiotics during summer and spring, resp. Higher antibiotic concentrations were observed in the sea located adjacent to aquaculture bases and the Yellow River Estuary, which are significantly influenced by mariculture and riverine inputs, resp. Veterinary antibiotics showed higher total concentrations in summer compared to spring, indicating a higher degree of their usage in mariculture in summer. The antibiotic mixtures posed high risk to algae and low to medium risks to crustaceans and fish. Amoxicillin and norfloxacin were identified as high-risk pollutants. Addnl., amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin showed medium to high resistance development risks. Previous studies on antibiotics in the LZB did not determined amoxicillin and thus underestimated antibiotic contamination, ecol. risk, and resistance development risk. Amoxicillin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin should be prioritized in risk management. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Computed Properties of C11H12N4O3S).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Computed Properties of C11H12N4O3S

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia