Tag: 200-300

The variations of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in two subtropical large river basins of south China: Anthropogenic impacts and environmental risks was written by Gao, Fang-Zhou;He, Liang-Ying;Hu, Li-Xin;Chen, Jun;Yang, Yuan-Yuan;He, Lu-Xi;Bai, Hong;Liu, You-Sheng;Zhao, Jian-Liang;Ying, Guang-Guo. And the article was included in Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2022.Related Products of 1220-83-3 This article mentions the following:

Emission of antibiotics into riverine environments affects aquatic ecosystem functions and leads to the development of antibiotic resistance. Here, the profiles of forty-four antibiotics and eighteen antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were analyzed in two large rivers of the Pearl River System. In addition, the risks of ecotoxicity and resistance selection posed by the antibiotics were estimated As compared to the reservoirs, the river sections close to the urban and livestock areas contained more antibiotics and ARGs. Seasonal variations of antibiotics (higher in the dry season) and relative ARGs (normalized by 16S rRNA gene, higher in the wet season) were found in the water, but not in the sediment. Sulfonamide resistance genes were the most prevalent ARGs in both river water and sediment. Antibiotic concentration was correlated with ARG abundance in the water, indicating that antibiotics play a critical role in ARG spread. In addition, oxytetracycline was the most abundant antibiotic with concentrations up to 2030 ng/L in the water and 2100 ng/g in the sediment resp., and posed the highest risks for resistance selection. Oxytetracycline, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole were expected to be more ecotoxicol. harmful to aquatic organisms, while ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and tetracycline posed ecotoxicol. risks in the sediment. The Nanliujiang river with intensive livestock activities was contaminated by antibiotics and ARGs and faced high ecotoxicol. and resistance selection risks. Collectively, these findings reflect the impacts of anthropogenic activities on the spread of antibiotic resistance in large river basins. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Related Products of 1220-83-3).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.Related Products of 1220-83-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reaction of 1,3-diaryl-2,3-dibromo-1-propanones with urea in basic and acidic medium. Synthesis of pyrimidine, imidazoline and imidazolidine derivatives was written by Dora, E. Khalli;Dash, Bhabagrahi;Panda, C. S.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1983.HPLC of Formula: 40230-24-8 This article mentions the following:

RCOCHBrCHBrR¹ [I, R, R¹ = (un)substituted phenyl] underwent cyclization with H₂NCONH₂ in basic medium to give the pyrimidines II (R² = Br, R³ = H, X = O), which were converted to II (R²R³ = X = O, S). I reacted with R⁴NHCONH₂ (R⁴ = H, Ph) and PhNHCONHPh in AcOH to give the imidazoles III and IV, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8HPLC of Formula: 40230-24-8).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The aromatic compound pyrimidine, and its derivatives, are ubiquitous in nature. They are found in nucleic acids, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, alkaloids, and a variety of toxins. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.HPLC of Formula: 40230-24-8

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Iron Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrimidines Under Air was written by Mondal, Rakesh;Sinha, Suman;Das, Siuli;Chakraborty, Gargi;Paul, Nanda D.. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2020.Related Products of 40230-24-8 This article mentions the following:

A well-defined Fe(II)-complex featuring redox non-innocent 2-phenylazo-(1,10-phenanthroline) ligand, as a catalyst, a wide array of 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidines I (R = NH₂, Me, Ph, 4-chlorophenyl, cyclopropy; R¹ = Ph, thiophen-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, etc.; R² = Ph, cyclopropyl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, etc.) was prepared via multicomponent dehydrogenative coupling of primary R²CH₂OH and secondary alcs. R¹CH(CH₃)OH with amidines NH₂N(R)=NH under air at 100°C. A few control experiments were carried out to understand and unveil the plausible reaction mechanism. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Related Products of 40230-24-8).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. Pyrimidine derivatives have been used in a wide variety of pharmaceuticals including general anesthetics, anti-epilepsy medication, anti-malaria medication, drugs for treating high blood pressure, and HIV medication.Related Products of 40230-24-8

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Rainfall influences occurrence of pharmaceutical and personal care products in landfill leachates: Evidence from seasonal variations and extreme rainfall episodes was written by Yu, Xia;Sui, Qian;Lyu, Shuguang;Zhao, Wentao;Wu, Dongquan;Yu, Gang;Barcelo, Damia. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2021.Reference of 1220-83-3 This article mentions the following:

Unused or expired pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are usually discharged into municipal solid wastes, then travel to landfills, and eventually percolate into leachates. However, knowledge of their occurrence and temporal dynamics in leachates is limited, making landfill leachate an underappreciated emission source of PPCPs. Furthermore, the differences in PPCP variations in landfill leachates emphasize the necessity for identifying the influencing factors and elucidating the mechanisms for PPCP fluctuations. In this study, successive monthly monitoring of PPCPs in leachates throughout an entire year was performed to determine their seasonal variations and identify their influencing factors. Furthermore, five pairs of addnl. sampling campaigns were conducted before and after rainfall events during wet seasons to elucidate the influencing mechanisms. The results showed that there was a distinct seasonal variation in PPCPs in landfill leachates-elevated levels during the wet period (from Apr. to Sept., with a mean concentration of 17.0μg/L for total monitored PPCPs)-when compared to other months (mean concentration of 3.8μg/L). Rainfall played a considerable role in mediating PPCP concentrations in leachates. The PPCP responses to five rainfall episodes further verified the influence of rainfall and demonstrated that the tendency to PPCP concentration increase was related to rainfall precipitation Torrential rain events (i.e., 24 h cumulative precipitation of 50-99.9 mm) led to the most significant increases in PPCP concentrations in landfill leachates. In addition, the hydrophilicity of PPCPs contributed to the different fluctuations during the 1 yr investigation and different responses to rainfall. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first direct evidence supporting the influence of rainfall on PPCPs in landfill leachates, which can help better understand the occurrence and behavior of emerging contaminants in this underappreciated emission source. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Reference of 1220-83-3).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. As nucleotides in DNA and RNA, pyrimidine nucleotide derivatives have a wide range of biological applications. For example, pyrimidine derivatives are useful in DNA repair studies involving cancer and epigenetics.Reference of 1220-83-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis, characterization of 4,6-disubstituted aminopyrimidines and their sulphonamide derivatives as anti-amoebic agents was written by Siddiqui, Shadab Miyan;Azam, Amir. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry Research in 2014.HPLC of Formula: 40230-24-8 This article mentions the following:

The present study describes the synthesis and anti-amoebic activity of 4,6-disubstituted aminopyrimidines and their sulfonamide derivatives (1-20). All the desired compounds were characterized by spectral data and their purity was confirmed by elemental anal. The aim of the study was to explore the effect of the target compounds on in vitro growth of HM1:IMSS strain of Entamoeba histolytica. In vitro anti-amoebic activity was performed by microdilution method and the results were compared with standard drug metronidazole. The results revealed that sulfonamide derivatives showed better activity than 4,6-disubstituted aminopyrimidines. 5 Pyrimidine and 12 sulfonamide derivatives were better inhibitors of the growth of E. histolytica than the reference drug metronidazole (IC₅₀ = 1.80 μM). The promising in vitro anti-amoebic activity of the compounds make them promising mols. for further lead optimization in the development of novel anti-amoebic agents, therefore, it is hoped that these preliminary results could help in designing better mols. with an enhanced anti-amoebic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8HPLC of Formula: 40230-24-8).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.HPLC of Formula: 40230-24-8

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Metabonomics study on the hepatoprotective effect mechanism of polysaccharides from different processed products of Angelica sinensis on layer chickens based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS, multivariate statistical analysis and conjoint analysis was written by Wu, Fan-lin;Hu, Yong-hao;Ji, Peng;Li, Chen-chen;He, Jian. And the article was included in Biomedical Chromatography in 2022.Safety of 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

Chicken colibacillosis is one of the most severe diseases in the poultry industry. Ceftiofur sodium (CS) is often used to treat it in clin. practice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) accumulates in the chicken ′s body. Previous exptl. studies found that CS combined with LPS could induce liver injury in layer chickens, and polysaccharides from charred Angelica sinensis(CASP) had a better hepatoprotective effect than polysaccharides from unprocessed Angelica sinensis(UASP). However, the intervention mechanism was unclear. Thus, UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS-based metabonomics and transcriptomics were used in this study to clarify the hepatoprotective effect mechanism of CASP and UASP in layer chickens. Transcriptomics and ELISA were used for biol. verification of some critical mutual metabolic pathways screened with metabonomics. The comprehensive anal. results showed that in a layer chicken liver injury model built with LPS and CS, 12 critical metabolic pathways were disturbed, involving 10 important differential metabolites. The hepatoprotective effect mechanism of CASP is related to the arachidonic acid metabolism and mTOR signaling pathways, involving nine important differential metabolites. In contrast, the hepatoprotective effect mechanism of UASP is related to the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, involving six important differential metabolites. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Safety of 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Heterocyclic compounds bearing the pyrimidine core are of tremendous interest as they constitute an important class of natural and synthetic compounds exhibiting diverse useful biological activities that hold attractive potential for clinical translation as therapeutic agents in alleviation of a myriad of diseases. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Safety of 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Cu(II) assisted peroxymonosulfate oxidation of sulfonamide antibiotics: The involvement of Cu(III) was written by Zhao, Qing;Zhang, Xiao;Huang, Dezhi;Chen, Long;Li, Shuxin;Chovelon, Jean-Marc;Zhou, Lei;Xiu, Guangli. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2021.Reference of 1220-83-3 This article mentions the following:

Cu(II) is generally considered to be a poor activator for PMS decomposition, thus the potential impact of trace Cu(II) on PMS induced oxidation of typical pollutants is always overlooked. In this study, we reported that trace Cu(II) could significantly promote PMS induced degradation of four selected sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs), namely, sulfamehoxazole (SMX), sulfathiazole (STZ), sulfamerazine (SMZ), and sulfamonomethoxine (SMM). Different from conventional PMS-induced oxidation process, high-valent Cu(III) was ascertained as the primary reactive intermediate for SAs degradation, which was confirmed by raman tests and ESR (EPR). High concentrations of Cu(II) or PMS were beneficial to degradation of the selected contaminants. In PMS/Cu(II) oxidation system, all the selected SAs could undergo several different degradation pathways including continuous oxidation of aniline group, hydroxylation and S-N bond cleavage. In particular, for six-membered SAs, such as SMZ and SMM, a SO₂ extrusion pathway was also detected. The potential mechanism for Cu(III) formation was also proposed, which was believed to be highly related to the nature of the SAs. Hydroxylamine-SAs (N⁴-OH-SAs), generated from direct PMS oxidation of SAs, was deduced as the “promoter” for the whole oxidation process. And the generation of Cu(III) was likely to proceed through the interaction between PMS and Cu(I), which possibly derived from the reduction of Cu(II) by N⁴-OH-SAs. The results obtained in this study validated the contribution of Cu(III) to the elimination of pollutants and expanded our understanding of the oxidation process of PMS in the presence of trace amounts of Cu(II). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Reference of 1220-83-3).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. Pyrimidine derivatives also play an important role in drug development, either in concert with other compounds or on their own.Reference of 1220-83-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Multi-pharmaceuticals analysis in fish by continuous series solid-phase extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS was written by Gao, Lei;Wang, Peng;Chen, Zhongxiang;Tang, Shizhan;Wu, Song;Li, Gang;Qin, Dongli. And the article was included in Acta Chromatographica in 2022.Name: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

Pharmaceuticals which are widely used in aquatic can easily migrate into the environment and aquatic animals, and can increase the risk of drug resistance and allergic symptoms if consumed by humans. In order to achieve high-throughput anal. of pharmaceuticals with different phys. and chem. properties from complex matrixes, we developed a new method for various types pharmaceuticals in fish and shrimp tissue. Series solid-phase extraction (s-SPE) with different adsorbents was selected for extracting and purifying analytes with different paddings. s-SPE were combined with ultra performance liquid chromatog. triple quadruple tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the detection of 30 pharmaceuticals antibiotics in fish samples. This method was stabilized and reliable to determinate the pharmaceuticals in fish and shrimp samples. As the method combined multiple Chinese national standards method, it could be easily treat the multi-pharmaceuticals from the fish and shrimp samples once time. It provided for both quant. and qual. methods and they could be applied to singleor multi-residue methods. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Name: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The aromatic compound pyrimidine, and its derivatives, are ubiquitous in nature. They are found in nucleic acids, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, alkaloids, and a variety of toxins. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.Name: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Bromination of pyrimidines by N-bromosuccinimide was written by Nishiwaki, Tarozaemon. And the article was included in Chem. & Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) in 1961.HPLC of Formula: 63931-22-6 This article mentions the following:

Pyrimidines having potentially tautomeric groups at the 2-, 4-, or 6-position were brominated preferentially at the 5-position by N-bromosuccinimide (I) in HOAc. Thus, 0.01 mole pyrimidine in 20 ml. HOAc was treated with 0.01 mole I 1 hr. at 100°. The precipitate was collected and crystallized to give N:CR¹N:CR².CBr:CR³ (R¹, R², R³, m.p., and % yield given): OH, OH, H, 295° 59; OH, OH, Me, 248°, 76; H, OH, OH, 264°, 61; NH₂, OH, H, 275°, 83; NH₂, OH, Me, 249°, 61; NH₂, H, H, 239-40°, 62; NH₂, Cl, Cl, 235-6°, 63; NH₂, Me, Me, 183-4°, 75; NH₂, Ph, Me, 125-8°, 70; Cl, Cl, NH₂, 155-7°, 79; SMe, OH, H, 252°, 41; SMe, OH, Me, 246°, 21; SMe, OH, NH₂, -, 60; SMe, Cl, NH₂, 164-5°, 66; SEt, OH, H, 185-7.5°, 47. An ionic mechanism was postulated as yields were improved by addition of AlCl₃, FeCl₃, SnCl₄, and picric acid and not reduced by radical inhibitors. The bromination by I of O- and S-alkylpyrimidines, 1,3,4-trimethyluracil, and 2,4-dichloro-6-methylpyrimidine by this method was not successful. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-amine (cas: 63931-22-6HPLC of Formula: 63931-22-6).

5-Bromo-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-amine (cas: 63931-22-6) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.HPLC of Formula: 63931-22-6

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Ultrasound-assisted microwave synthesis and mechanistic aspect of 2-amino-4, 6-diaryl pyrimidines and 3, 5-diaryl-1H- pyrazoles was written by Elzupir, Amin O.;Saeed, Ahmed E. M.;Barakat, Izzeldeen E.;Van Der Westhuizen, Jan H.. And the article was included in International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research in 2015.COA of Formula: C16H13N3 This article mentions the following:

A novel approach was developed for synthesis of a series of 2-amino-4,6-diaryl pyrimidines and 3,5-diaryl-1H-pyrazoles, using a condensation reaction of guanidine or hydrazine with enones compounds, in the presence of ethanol as solvent and NaOAc as catalyst. Ultrasound was used for solvation of the enones, followed by microwave for heterocyclization reaction. A moderate to good yield was gotten in a short period of time. The structures of synthetic compounds were elucidated by ¹H NMR, EI-MS, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Moreover, the mechanism of reaction was investigated; the products were formed through direct addition to hard electrophile followed by heterocyclization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8COA of Formula: C16H13N3).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.COA of Formula: C16H13N3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia