Tag: 200-300

Pollution characteristics of livestock faeces and the key driver of the spread of antibiotic resistance genes was written by Yue, Zhengfu;Zhang, Jing;Zhou, Zhigao;Ding, Changfeng;Wan, Liping;Liu, Jia;Chen, Liumeng;Wang, Xingxiang. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2021.Product Details of 1220-83-3 This article mentions the following:

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock and poultry feces has attracted considerable amounts of attention. However, in the actual breeding environment, the key driver of the spread of ARGs and which bacteria are involved remain unclear. This study investigated 19 antibiotics and 4 heavy metals in 147 animal feces. The results showed that piglet feces exhibited the highest levels of antibiotics and heavy metals. Twelve ARGs, 4 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and bacterial communities of piglet feces from 6 pig farms were further assessed to determine the key driver and relevant mechanism of the spread of ARGs. Sulfonamides (SAs) explained 36.5% of the variance (P < 0.05) of the bacterial community and were significantly related to 8 genes (P < 0.01), indicating that SAs dominated the spread of ARGs and should be tightly supervised. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that SAs increased the abundance of ARGs via two pathways: horizontal transfer of ARGs (involving 10 genera) and vertical transfer of ARGs (involving 26 genera). These results improve our understanding of the potential hosts involved in the spread of ARGs, suggesting that monitoring of the above potential hosts is also important in animal feeding practice. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Product Details of 1220-83-3).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. Drugs having the pyrimidine motif have manifested to exhibit gratifying biological activity like anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antihypertensive activities.Product Details of 1220-83-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Coupling of Heteroaryl Halides with Chlorodifluoroacetamides and Chlorodifluoroacetate by Nickel Catalysis was written by Zhang, Dawei;Gao, Xing;Min, Qiao-Qiao;Gu, Yucheng;Berthon, Guillaume;Zhang, Xingang. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2022.Category: pyrimidines This article mentions the following:

A nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of heteroaryl halides with chlorodifluoroacetamides and chlorodifluoroacetate was developed. The combination of NiCl₂ DME with 4,4′-diNon-bpy, co-ligand PPh₃, and additive LiCl renders the catalytic system efficient for the synthesis of medicinal interest heteroaryldifluoroacetamides. The application of the method leads to short and highly efficient synthesis of biol. active mols., providing a facile route for applications in medicinal chem. and agrochem. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-2-phenoxypyrimidine (cas: 257280-25-4Category: pyrimidines).

5-Bromo-2-phenoxypyrimidine (cas: 257280-25-4) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Microwave-assisted synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives via Buchwald-Hartwig amination was written by Li, Bo;Etheve-Quelquejeu, Melanie;Yen-Pon, Expedite;Garbay, Christiane;Chen, Huixiong. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2020.Formula: C10H7BrN2O This article mentions the following:

Various 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives I (R = 4-cyanophenyl, 3-tert-butyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl, 4-[ethoxy(oxo)methane]phenyl, etc.; R¹ = H; RR¹ = -(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂-, -(CH₂)₂CH(N-(CH₂)₄-)(CH₂)₂-; R² = H, Ph, dimethylaminyl, 4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl, etc.) were synthesized under microwave irradiation via Buchwald-Hartwig amination. This concise approach provides interesting scaffolds in good to high yields and with large functional group compatibility. These novel chem. entities could be used as building blocks in drug design. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-2-phenoxypyrimidine (cas: 257280-25-4Formula: C10H7BrN2O).

5-Bromo-2-phenoxypyrimidine (cas: 257280-25-4) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.Formula: C10H7BrN2O

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

N-H…N hydrogen bonding in 4,6-diphenyl-2-pyrimidinylamine isolated from the plant Justicia secunda (Acanthaceae) was written by Gallagher, John F.;Goswami, Shyamaprosad;Chatterjee, Baidyanath;Jana, Subrata;Dutta, Kalyani. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section C: Crystal Structure Communications in 2004.Product Details of 40230-24-8 This article mentions the following:

The title compound, C₁₆H₁₃N₃, isolated from Justicia secunda (Acanthaceae), comprises two mols. (which differ slightly in conformation) in the asym. unit of space group P1̅. Crystallog. data are given. Intermol. N_amino-H…N_pyrm interactions (N_pyrm is a pyrimidine ring N atom) involve only one of the two donor amino H atoms and pyrimidine N atoms per mol., forming dimeric units via R₂²(8) rings, with N…N distances of 3.058(2) and 3.106(3) Å, and N-H…N angles of 172.7(18) and 175.8(17)°. The dimers are linked by C-H…π(arene) contacts, with an H…centroid distance of 2.77 Å and a C-H…centroid angle of 141°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Product Details of 40230-24-8).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Heterocyclic compounds bearing the pyrimidine core are of tremendous interest as they constitute an important class of natural and synthetic compounds exhibiting diverse useful biological activities that hold attractive potential for clinical translation as therapeutic agents in alleviation of a myriad of diseases. As nucleotides in DNA and RNA, pyrimidine nucleotide derivatives have a wide range of biological applications. For example, pyrimidine derivatives are useful in DNA repair studies involving cancer and epigenetics.Product Details of 40230-24-8

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis and characterization of some pyrimidine compounds was written by Sengar, Ragini;Tyagi, Sushma;Gazal, Umaima;Pathak, Vishal;Verma, Ranu;Pathak, P.. And the article was included in International Journal of Chemical Sciences in 2007.Name: 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine This article mentions the following:

Some pyrimidine compounds have been synthesized via heterocyclization of dibromochalcones. The structures of the prepared compounds were characterized using elementary anal., IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. Fragmentation patterns for these compounds were given. The important IR-bands were assigned to the corresponding groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Name: 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. As nucleotides in DNA and RNA, pyrimidine nucleotide derivatives have a wide range of biological applications. For example, pyrimidine derivatives are useful in DNA repair studies involving cancer and epigenetics.Name: 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Studies in the heterocyclic series. XIII. New CNS-depressants derived from 1,9-diazaphenoxazine and two isomeric triazaphenothiazine ring systems was written by Okafor, Charles O.;Steenberg, Marie L.;Buckley, Joseph P.. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1977.Safety of 5-Bromo-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-amine This article mentions the following:

Triazaphenothiazines I (R = NH2, H, SMe, OMe; R1 = NH2, Me, Cl, OH, OMe) and II (R = H, NH2, Cl; R1 = NH2, OH, Cl; R2 = MeO, Cl) were prepared in 78-93% yield. Reaction of 2-amino-3-mercapto-6-picoline with 2-amino-5-bromo-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine in the presence of H2SO4 and Na2SO3 gave 77% I (R = NH2, R1 = Me). All I and II showed appreciable CNS depressant activities comparable with the activity of chlorpromazine when tested in mice and rats; I (R = H, R1 = NH2) and II (R = R1 = Cl, R2 = MeO) were the most promising. All I and II decreased motor activity and rate of respiration within 30 min and body temperature was decreased by 0.5-1.9° compared to 0.8° with chlorpromazine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-amine (cas: 63931-22-6Safety of 5-Bromo-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-amine).

5-Bromo-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-amine (cas: 63931-22-6) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Safety of 5-Bromo-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-amine

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis of imidazo[4,5-h]-1,3-diazabiphenylene (lin-benzocyclobutadienopurine), a ring system having a benzocyclobutadieno spacer between the terminal rings of purine was written by D’Alarcao, Marc;Bakthavachalam, Venkatesalu;Leonard, Nelson J.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1985.Application of 4319-77-1 This article mentions the following:

Two distinct syntheses of the pyrimido[6,5-i]imidazo[4,5-g]cinnoline ring system were accomplished. The first of these began with 2-acetamido-4-chloro-5-nitroacetophenone, which was elaborated sequentially by fusion of the imidazole, pyridazine, and pyrimidine rings to provide the tetracyclic system. The second synthesis made use of a Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-5-yl)zinc chloride and 3,4-dinitrobromobenzene, followed by closure of the imidazole and pyridazine rings. The flash vacuum pyrolysis (810-860°, 10^-3 torr) of the unsubstituted tetracyclic compound, pyrimido[4,5-i]imidazo[4,5-g]cinnoline, resulted in the extrusion of N to provide imidazo[4,5-h]-1,3-diazabiphenylene (I), the parent mol. to a new class of linearly extended purine analogs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine (cas: 4319-77-1Application of 4319-77-1).

5-Bromo-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine (cas: 4319-77-1) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Application of 4319-77-1

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Bioassay-based identification and removal of target and suspect toxicants in municipal wastewater: Impacts of chemical properties and transformation was written by Liu, Yuan;Li, Faxu;Li, Huizhen;Tong, Yujun;Li, Weizong;Xiong, Jingjing;You, Jing. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2022.Category: pyrimidines This article mentions the following:

Municipal wastewater contains numerous chems. and transformation products with highly diverse physiochem. properties and intrinsic toxicity; thus, it is imperative but challenging to identify major toxicants. Herein, toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) was applied to identify major toxicants in a typical municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Impacts of chem. properties on the removal of contaminants and toxicity at individual treatment stages were also examined The WWTP influent caused 100% death of Daphnia magna and zebrafish embryos, and toxicity characterization suggested that organics, metals, and volatiles all contributed to the toxicity. Toxicity identification based on 189 target and approx. one-thousand suspect chems. showed that toxicity contributions of organic contaminants, metals, and ammonia to D. magna were 77%, 4%, and 19%, resp. Galaxolide, pyrene, phenanthrene, benzo[a]anthracene, fluoranthene, octinoxate, silver, and ammonia were identified as potential toxicants. Comparatively, the detected transformation products elicited lower toxicity than their resp. parent contaminants. In contrast, the analyzed contaminants showed negligible contributions to the toxicity of zebrafish embryos. Removal efficiencies of these toxicants in WWTP were highly related to their hydrophobicity. Diverse transformation and removal efficiencies of contaminants in WWTPs may influence the chem. compositions in effluent and ultimately the risk to aquatic organisms in the receiving waterways. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Category: pyrimidines).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Distribution, abundance, and risk assessment of selected antibiotics in a shallow freshwater body used for drinking water, China was written by Kong, Ming;Bu, Yuan-Qing;Zhang, Qin;Zhang, Sheng-Hu;Xing, Li-Qun;Gao, Zhan-Qi;Bi, Feng-Zhi;Hu, Guan-Jiu. And the article was included in Journal of Environmental Management in 2021.Name: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

With rapid improvements in industrialization and urbanization, antibiotics are now extensively used to prevent and treat human and animal diseases and husbandry and aquaculture. Some research has been conducted to assess the environmental distribution and risk level of antibiotics, but their distribution remains largely uncharacterized. Thus, this study investigated the distribution and abundance of 39 antibiotics belonging to five groups, and their associated risks in surface water around Luoma Lake in the north of Jiangsu province, China. Nineteen antibiotics were detected, at a detection frequency (DF) ranging from 2.27% to 100%. The total antibiotics (ΣABs) concentrations ranged from 34.91 to 825.93 ng/L, with a median concentration of 195.45 ng/L. Among these antibiotics, chlortetracycline (DF: 100%; median: 172.02 ng/L) was the dominant antibiotic, accounting for a median percentage of 91.0% of ΣABs concentrations Spearman rank correlation method found a significant correlation between clindamycin (DF: 72.7%; median: 2.01 ng/L) and lincomycin (DF: 79.5%; median: 4.58 ng/L). The ecol. risk quotient (RQ) values for two out of 44 sampling sites were higher than 1, indicating a high risk; 11.4% of the RQ values fell between 0.1 and 1, indicating a medium risk. Moreover, roxithromycin was found to be the dominant contributor to the ecol. risk, accounting for a median of 79.7% of ΣABs. However, the total non-carcinogenic (<6.54 x 10^-4) and carcinogenic risks (<1.64 x 10^-7) of ΣABs were negligible at the detected concentrations In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Name: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. As nucleotides in DNA and RNA, pyrimidine nucleotide derivatives have a wide range of biological applications. For example, pyrimidine derivatives are useful in DNA repair studies involving cancer and epigenetics.Name: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The search for a microbiological inhibition method for the rapid, broad-spectrum and high-throughput screening of six kinds of antibiotic residues in swine urine was written by Wu, Qin;Zhu, Qiang;Shabbir, Muhammad Abu Bakr;Sattar, Adeel;Peng, Dapeng;Tao, Yanfei;Chen, Dongmei;Yuan, Zonghui;Wang, Yulian. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2021.COA of Formula: C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:

In this study, a microbiol. inhibition method for rapidly screening antibiotics in swine urine was established with an easy sample pre-treatment. The microbiol. system consisted of an agar medium mixed with nutrients, sensitizers, a test bacterium (Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC12980) and pH indicator (bromocresol purple). It was observed that the detection limits of the test kit for twenty-eight common antimicrobial residues in urine, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, macrolides, and lincosamides, were less than or equal to the maximum residue limits of the kidney, as determined by the EU and China. Moreover, the false neg. rate and the false pos. rate, along with other performance indexes such as interassay coefficients of variation and shelf life of the kit, all met the standard requirements of the ISO13969:2003 guidelines. Addnl., our results were consistent with those using the gold-standard phys. chem. method, which suggest the proposed method is suitable for screening antibiotic residues. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3COA of Formula: C11H12N4O3S).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.COA of Formula: C11H12N4O3S

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia