Tag: 200-300

In situ application of the diffusive gradients in thin film technique in aquaculture ponds for monitoring antibiotics, hormones, and herbicides was written by Chen, Yiqin;Wen, Ju;Wu, Meng;Li, Juan-Ying;Wang, Qian;Yin, Jie. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2022.Safety of 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

In recent years, as the abuse of antibiotics, hormones, and herbicides has worsened in aquaculture industry, it is important to monitor the concentrations of those trace contaminants in aquaculture water more effortlessly. The aim of this study was to develop a reliable sampling method for chem. monitoring in aquaculture ponds based on the technique of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT). A binding material (XDA-1 resin) with high adsorption capacity for antibiotics, hormones, and herbicides was selected. In laboratory, the diffusion coefficients of 11 antibiotics, 3 hormones, and 3 herbicides of the XDA-1-DGT devices were tested and ranged from 1.0×10-6 to 8.7×10-5 cm2/s. During the in situ application of XDA-1-DGT devices in different aquaculture ponds, concentrations of 11 antibiotics, 3 hormones, and 3 herbicides in aquaculture water (CSOLN) via grab sampling were also analyzed and found ranging from 0.03 to 6.3 ng/L, lower than the results based on DGT (CDGT) (1.2-1.3×102 ng/L). The values of CDGT/CSOLN were larger than one unit, suggesting that the rates of resupply of target chems. (antibiotics, hormones, and herbicides) by the desorption and diffusion of pond water were higher than the rates of uptake by XDA-1-DGT, and pond water was proved a sufficient reservoir of antibiotics for DGT application. The value of Log (CDGT/CSOLN) of 1.1 derived from the application in the aquaculture ponds of 14 regions in Eastern China can be a reference value for future chem. monitoring based on DGT technique. And the accuracy of this value was found hardly affected by the phys. and chem. properties of chems. with pKa ranging from -1 to 12, Log Kow ranging from 0 to 4.5, and Log solubility ranging from 0.0 to 4.0. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Safety of 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Safety of 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Discovery of a Novel, Orally Efficacious Liver X Receptor (LXR) β Agonist was written by Zheng, Yajun;Zhuang, Linghang;Fan, Kristi Yi;Tice, Colin M.;Zhao, Wei;Dong, Chengguo;Lotesta, Stephen D.;Leftheris, Katerina;Lindblom, Peter R.;Liu, Zhijie;Shimada, Jun;Noto, Paul B.;Meng, Shi;Hardy, Andrew;Howard, Lamont;Krosky, Paula;Guo, Joan;Lipinski, Kerri;Kandpal, Geeta;Bukhtiyarov, Yuri;Zhao, Yi;Lala, Deepak;Van Orden, Rebecca;Zhou, Jing;Chen, Guozhou;Wu, Zhongren;McKeever, Brian M.;McGeehan, Gerard M.;Gregg, Richard E.;Claremon, David A.;Singh, Suresh B.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2016.Name: Ethyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

This article describes the application of Contour to the design and discovery of a novel, potent, orally efficacious liver X receptor β (LXRβ) agonist ((R)-(2-(4-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-5-yl)methanol (17)). Contour technol. is a structure-based drug design platform that generates mols. using a context perceptive growth algorithm guided by a contact sensitive scoring function. The growth engine uses binding site perception and programmable growth capability to create drug-like mols. by assembling fragments that naturally complement hydrophilic and hydrophobic features of the protein binding site. Starting with a crystal structure of LXRβ and a docked 2-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl alc. fragment, Contour was used to design agonists containing a piperazine core. Compound (17) binds to LXRβ with high affinity and to LXRα to a lesser extent, and induces the expression of LXR target genes in vitro and in vivo. This mol. served as a starting point for further optimization and generation of a candidate which is currently in human clin. trials for treating atopic dermatitis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate (cas: 187035-79-6Name: Ethyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate).

Ethyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate (cas: 187035-79-6) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Heterocyclic compounds bearing the pyrimidine core are of tremendous interest as they constitute an important class of natural and synthetic compounds exhibiting diverse useful biological activities that hold attractive potential for clinical translation as therapeutic agents in alleviation of a myriad of diseases. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.Name: Ethyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis of Benzazolyl Pyrimidines Under Ultrasonication and Their Antimicrobial Activity was written by Kayathi, Narendra Babu;Sowmya, Donthamsetty V.;Adivireddy, Padmaja;Venkatapuram, Padmavathi. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2018.Related Products of 40230-24-8 This article mentions the following:

The benzoxazolyl/benzothiazolyl/benzimidazolyl pyrimidines were prepared under ultrasonication in the presence of pyridine/dimethylaminopyridine and triethylamine. Better yields were recorded in 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine and Et₃N. The presence of electron withdrawing chloro, bromo, and nitro substituents enhanced antimicrobial activity (N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylmethyl)-4,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl) pyrimidin-2-amine, N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylmethyl)-4,6-bis(4-nitrophenyl) pyrimidin-2-amine, N-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-4,6-bis(4-nitrophenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine: min. inhibitory concentration = 6.25 μg/well against Bacillus subtilis; N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylmethyl)-4,6-bis(4-nitrophenyl) pyrimidin-2-amine, N-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-4,6-bis(4-nitrophenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine: min. inhibitory concentration = 6.25 μg/well against Aspergillus niger). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Related Products of 40230-24-8).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. As nucleotides in DNA and RNA, pyrimidine nucleotide derivatives have a wide range of biological applications. For example, pyrimidine derivatives are useful in DNA repair studies involving cancer and epigenetics.Related Products of 40230-24-8

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Highly Selective Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Secondary Alkylzinc Reagents with Heteroaryl Halides was written by Yang, Yang;Niedermann, Katrin;Han, Chong;Buchwald, Stephen L.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2014.HPLC of Formula: 187035-79-6 This article mentions the following:

The highly selective palladium-catalyzed Negishi coupling of secondary alkylzinc reagents with heteroaryl halides is described [e.g., using a palladacycle precatalyst ligated by CPhos, 3-chlorobenzisothiazole was coupled with i-PrZnBr.LiCl to afford 3-isopropylbenzisothiazole in 78% yield (normal:rearranged ratio = 98:2)]. The development of a series of biarylphosphine ligands has led to the identification of an improved catalyst for the coupling of electron-deficient heterocyclic substrates. Preparation and characterization of oxidative addition complex (L)(Ar)PdBr provided insight into the unique reactivity of catalysts based on CPhos-type ligands in facilitating challenging reductive elimination processes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate (cas: 187035-79-6HPLC of Formula: 187035-79-6).

Ethyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate (cas: 187035-79-6) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.HPLC of Formula: 187035-79-6

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Hypothetical scenarios estimating and simulating the fate of antibiotics: Implications for antibiotic environmental pollution caused by manure application was written by Yan, Xiao-Ting;Zhai, Yun-Qiu;Cai, Ya-ya;Guo, Zhao;Zhang, Qian-Qian;Ying, Guang-Guo. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Recommanded Product: 1220-83-3 This article mentions the following:

The application of animal manure containing antibiotic residues as an organic fertilizer to farmlands, poses a major threat to the health of river basin ecosystems. Waste treatment processes can help reduce antibiotic pollution levels in river basins following manure application, but the overall influence of these processes remains unclear. This study evaluates the impact of manure treatment methods on the emission and subsequent river pollution caused by 14 frequently detected antibiotics in a typical pig breeding area in China, by using hypothetical scenarios method. Three scenarios were constructed based on possible fate pathways of antibiotics, representing in 47.0, 55.3, and 81.6 ton·yr-1 antibiotic emissions into the river basin. The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model successfully simulated the transport of antibiotics from farmland to surface water, with calibration and verification performed using hydrol. station monthly data over 8 consecutive years. Field measured concentrations also verified the reliability of the model and were used to determine the most realistic scenario. In basins applied with manure, environmental antibiotic pollution is most affected by the wastewater treatment process and manure applied patterns, followed by changes in streamflow. The antibiotic pollution in manure applied areas showed significant spatial and temporal differences, resulting from the different manure application patterns. The simulated total outflow of antibiotics in the river basin accounted for 18.1% of the inflow, with the loss of target antibiotics by degradation, volatilization and sedimentation deposition in the river basin being 0.23, 0.01 and 33.2 ton·yr-1, resp. This study can help to clarify the environmental fate of antibiotics in the basin following manure application, provide guidance for policy makers and help to design the effective corrective interventions for reducing the environmental pollution. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Recommanded Product: 1220-83-3).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The aromatic compound pyrimidine, and its derivatives, are ubiquitous in nature. They are found in nucleic acids, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, alkaloids, and a variety of toxins. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.Recommanded Product: 1220-83-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Comparison of four different multiclass, multiresidue sample preparation methods in the analysis of veterinary drugs in fish and other food matrices was written by Lehotay, Steven J.;Lightfield, Alan R.. And the article was included in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry in 2021.Category: pyrimidines This article mentions the following:

In 2018, AOAC International issued Standard Method Performance Requirements (SPMR) 2018.010 – Screening and Identification Method for Regulated Veterinary Drug Residues in Food. In response, we compared 4 different multiresidue methods of sample preparation using the same anal. method entailing ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Tilapia was chosen for testing, and the analytes and monitoring levels were from SPMR 2018.010. The methods consist of efficient procedures with published validation results from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), and an enhanced-matrix removal (EMR)-Lipid protocol from China. Each method was used to prepare 102 final extracts of tilapia spiked or not at different levels with the 78 targeted analytes plus metabolites. The same FDA/USDA rules of mass spectral identification were employed in all analyses to assess rates of false positives and negatives. Quant. accuracy of the methods was also compared in terms of recoveries and reproducibility of spiked tilapia, incurred catfish, and spiked and certified reference material of bovine muscle. Each method yielded generally acceptable results for the targeted veterinary drugs, but the USDA “extract & inject” method was the fastest, simplest, and cheapest to achieve equally or more acceptable results for the widest scope of analytes for the tested food matrixes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Category: pyrimidines).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

In-situ synthesis of CNT/UiO-66-NH₂-based molecularly imprinted nanocomposite membranes for selective recognition and separation of sulfamethoxazole: A synergistic promotion system was written by Wang, Chong;Xing, Wendong;Wu, Yilin;Li, Yunhui;Yan, Yongsheng;Zhu, Jianwei. And the article was included in Surfaces and Interfaces in 2022.Category: pyrimidines This article mentions the following:

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a widespread organic contaminant that threatens the ecol. environment and human health. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an effective method for selective separation of SMX from the aquatic environments. Herein, a novel in-situ synthesis of CNT/UiO-66-NH2 based molecularly imprinted nanocomposite membranes (CUMIMs) is designed for selective removal of SMX. The CNT/UiO-66-NH2 nanocomposite is prepared through in-situ growth of MOFs in the presence of CNT. The CNT around the MOFs can effectively avoid the aggregation of CNT/UiO-66-NH2 nanocomposite and introduce unique properties into the PVDF/PVA membrane, which simultaneously benefit in both hydrophilicity and water flux. More importantly, the well dispersed CNT/UiO-66-NH2 nanocomposite with huge specific in the membrane can facilitate the selectivity toward SMX. The selective separation performance of CUMIMs is evaluated by static adsorption and permeselectivity experiments The results showed that the synthesized CUMIMs afford an ideal rebinding selectivity (αSMX/SMM = 2.01, αSMX/TC = 4.34, and αSMX/CIP = 4.65) and permselectivity factor (β = 2.15) toward SMX. The presented strategy on CUMIMs fabrication would potentially enrich the application of CNT/MOFs-based molecularly imprinted nanocomposite membrane in the field of contaminant separation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Category: pyrimidines).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Spatiotemporal variations and source tracking of antibiotics in an ecological aquaculture farm in Southern China was written by Su, Haochang;Xu, Wujie;Hu, Xiaojuan;Xu, Yu;Wen, Guoliang;Cao, Yucheng. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2021.Category: pyrimidines This article mentions the following:

Although the occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in aquatic environments and reared organisms have been widely reported, the spatiotemporal variations and sources of antibiotics throughout the rearing period of aquaculture remain unclear. In this study, the concentrations and spatiotemporal variations of antibiotics in water sources, pond water, sediment, feed, and reared shrimp samples during three rearing periods in an ecol. shrimp farm in Southern China were investigated. The water, sediment, and feed samples were found to contain twelve, nine, and four types of antibiotics, resp., and the concentration of erythromycin-H2O was the highest among these antibiotics. No target antibiotics were detected in the reared shrimp samples from this typical shrimp farm, which employed ecol. rearing with no antibiotic use throughout the rearing processes. The total concentrations of antibiotics in water source were 1.96-40.58 times higher than those in pond water. A significant decrease in the total antibiotic concentrations of the pond water was observed, while a significant increase was observed in sediment during each rearing period (p < 0.05), suggesting that antibiotics transferred from the water phase to the sediment phase in the farm. Redundancy anal. demonstrated that the COD was neg. correlated with the concentration of the target antibiotics in the water samples during three rearing periods (p < 0.05). The results of calculations conducted using the concentrations of antibiotics in the water source, pond water, sediment, and feed samples detected in this study indicated that the water source was likely to be the main source of antibiotics in the rearing ponds. This study can provide a better understanding of the spatiotemporal variations and sources of antibiotics in aquaculture. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Category: pyrimidines).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. Pyrimidine derivatives also play an important role in drug development, either in concert with other compounds or on their own.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

A Facile Microwave-Assisted “One-Pot” Synthesis of Piperazino Pyrimidinyl Acetamides, a Class of Hybrid Bis Heterocycles and Their Structural Elucidation Using NMR Spectral Techniques was written by Kanagarajan, V.;How, Ghee Ang;Siu, Choon Ng;Gopalakrishnan, M.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2013.Safety of 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine This article mentions the following:

An array of novel piperazino pyrimidinyl acetamides, a class of hybrid bis heterocycles are synthesized in “one-pot” by microwave irradiation method catalyzed by heterogeneous NaHSO₄.SiO₂ catalyst in dry media and are characterized by m.p., elemental anal., MS, FT-IR, one-dimensional NMR (¹H and ¹³C) and two-dimensional ¹H-¹H COSY and ¹H-¹³C HSQC spectral data. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Safety of 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Safety of 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis and biological activity of some 2-amino-4,6-substituted-diarylpyrimidines. Reaction of substituted chalcones with guanidinium carbonate was written by Sharma, Vandana;Sharma, K. V.. And the article was included in Rasayan Journal of Chemistry in 2011.Recommanded Product: 40230-24-8 This article mentions the following:

A series of substituted 2-Amino-4,6-diarylpyrimidines were synthesized by the reaction of appropriately substituted chalcones and guanidinium carbonate in DMF. The synthesized pyrimidines were characterized on the basis of their chem. properties and spectroscopic data. These compounds were screened for biol. activity against a variety of test organisms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Recommanded Product: 40230-24-8).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Recommanded Product: 40230-24-8

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia