Tag: 100-200

On April 30, 2018, Briede, Jacob J.; Deferme, Lize; Wolters, Jarno E. J.; Claessen, Sandra M. H.; van den Beucken, Twan; Wagner, Richard J.; van Breda, Simone G.; Kleinjans, Jos C. S. published an article.Recommanded Product: 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was A cross-omics approach to investigate temporal gene expression regulation by 5-hydroxymethylcytosine via TBH-derived oxidative stress showed involvement of different regulatory kinases. And the article contained the following:

Regulation of DNA methylation plays a crucial role in biol. processes and carcinogenesis. The formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) by oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) has been proposed as an intermediate of active demethylation. However, whether and how active demethylation is regulated by oxidative stress-related processes is not well understood. Here we investigated whether free oxygen radicals are capable of directly forming 5hmC and how this enhanced whole genome gene expression. We applied LC-MS/MS technol. for the anal. of 5mC, 5hmC, 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-hydroxymethyluracyl (5hmU) in HepG2 cells exposed to hydroxyl- and Me radicals, formed by tert-Bu hydroperoxide (TBH) at multiple time points. We observed that TBH is able to induce a significant increase in 5hmC. A detailed evaluation of the hydroxymethylome using a combination of 5hmC-immunoprecipitation and microarrays resulted in the identification of highly dynamic modifications that appear to increase during prolonged oxidant exposure. Analyses of temporal gene expression changes in combination with network anal. revealed different subnetworks containing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with differentially hydroxyl-methylated regions (DhMRs) in different regulatory kinases enriched with serine-threonine kinases. These serine-threonine kinases compromises MAPK14, RPSK6KA1, RIPK1, and PLK3 and were all previously identified as key-regulators in hepatocarcinogenesis and subject of study for chemotherapeutic interventions. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Recommanded Product: 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to gene expression regulation hydroxymethylcytosine tertbutylhydroperoxide oxidative stress regulatory kinase, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-methylcytosine, differentially expressed genes, hepg2 cells, serine-threonine kinases, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Zhang, Yipei; Bello, Anila; Ryan, David K.; Demokritou, Philip; Bello, Dhimiter published an article in 2022, the title of the article was Elevated Urinary Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage in Photocopier Operators following Acute and Chronic Exposures.SDS of cas: 4433-40-3 And the article contains the following content:

Inhalation exposures to nanoparticles (NPs) from printers and photocopiers have been associated with upper airway and systemic inflammation, increased blood pressure, and cases of autoimmune and respiratory disorders. In this study we investigate oxidative stress induced by exposures to copier-emitted nanoparticles using a panel of urinary oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers representing DNA damage (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG; 8-hydroxyguanosine, 8-OHG; 5-hydroxymethyl uracil 5-OHMeU), lipid peroxidation (8-isoprostane; 4-hydroxynonenal, HNE), and protein oxidation biomarkers (o-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 3-nitrotyrosine) under conditions of acute (single 6 h exposure, 9 volunteers, 110 urine samples) and chronic exposures (6 workers, 11 controls, 81 urine samples). Urinary biomarkers were quantified with liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction sample cleanup. 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, 8-isoprostane, and HNE were significantly elevated in both the acute and chronic exposure study participants relative to the controls. In the acute exposure study, the geometric mean ratios post-/pre-exposure were 1.42, 1.10, 2.0, and 2.25, resp. Urinary 8-OHG and HNE increased with time to at least 36 h post-exposure (post-/pre-exposure GM ratios increased to 3.94 and 2.33, resp.), suggesting slower generation and/or urinary excretion kinetics for these biomarkers. In chronically exposed operators, the GM ratios of urinary biomarkers relative to controls ranged from 1.52 to 2.94, depending on the biomarker. O-Tyrosine and 5-OHMeU biomarkers were not significantly different from the controls. 3-chlorotyrosine and 3-nitrotyrosine were not detected in the urine samples. We conclude that NPs from photocopiers induce systemic oxidative stress by damaging DNA, RNA, and lipids. Urinary levels of 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, HNE, and 8-isoprostane were orders of magnitude higher than in nanocomposite processing workers, comparable to nano titanium dioxide and fiberglass manufacturing workers, but much lower than in shipyard welding and carbon nanotube synthesis workers. Biomarkers 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, 8-isoprostane, and HNE appear to be more sensitive and robust urinary biomarkers for monitoring oxidative stress to NPs from photocopiers. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).SDS of cas: 4433-40-3

The Article related to urinary biomarker oxidative damage photocopier operator acute chronic exposure, dna damage, acute exposure, chronic exposure, copier emitted nanoparticles, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, oxidative stress biomarkers, reactive oxygen species and other aspects.SDS of cas: 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On November 30, 2019, Garlito, Borja; Ibanez, Maria; Portoles, Tania; Serrano, Roque; Amlund, Heidi; Lundebye, Anne-Katrine; Sanden, Monica; Berntssen, Marc H. G.; Hernandez, Felix published an article.Formula: C5H6N2O2 The title of the article was LC-MS/MS method for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides and their metabolites in salmon and zebrafish fed with plant-based feed ingredients. And the article contained the following:

The composition of Atlantic salmon feed has changed considerably over the last two decades from being marine-based (fishmeal and fish oil) to mainly containing plant ingredients. Consequently, concern related to traditional persistent contaminants typically associated with fish-based feed has been replaced by other potential contaminants not previously associated with salmon farming. This is the case for many pesticides, which are used worldwide to increase food production, and may be present in plant ingredients. Earlier studies have identified two organophosphorus pesticides, chlorpyrifos-Me and pirimiphos-Me, in plant ingredients used for aquafeed production In the present study, we developed a reliable and sensitive anal. method, based on liquid chromatog. coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, for the determination of these pesticides and their main metabolites in warm water (zebrafish) and cold water (Atlantic salmon) species, where possible differences in metabolites could be expected. The method was tested in whole zebrafish and in different salmon tissues, such as muscle, bile, kidney, fat, and liver. The final objective of this work was to assess kinetics of chlorpyrifos-Me and pirimiphos-Me and their main metabolites in fish tissue, in order to fill the knowledge gaps on these metabolites in fish tissues when fed over prolonged time. The experimental process involved the reaction of 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 626-48-2).Formula: C5H6N2O2

The Article related to lc ms organophosphorus pesticide bioaccumulation metabolite salmon zebrafish, plant based feed contamination salmo danio chlorpyrifos pirimiphos methyl, atlantic salmon, chlorpyrifos-methyl, lc-ms/ms, metabolites, pirimiphos-methyl, zebrafish and other aspects.Formula: C5H6N2O2

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Klinke, Glynis; Richter, Sylvia; Monostori, Peter; Schmidt-Mader, Brigitte; Garcia-Cazorla, Angels; Artuch, Rafael; Christ, Stine; Opladen, Thomas; Hoffmann, Georg F.; Blau, Nenad; Okun, Juergen G. published an article in 2020, the title of the article was Targeted cerebrospinal fluid analysis for inborn errors of metabolism on an LC-MS/MS analysis platform.Quality Control of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione And the article contains the following content:

Laboratory investigations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are essential when suspecting an inborn error of metabolism (IEM) involving neurol. features. Available tests are currently performed on different anal. platforms, requiring a large sample volume and long turnaround time, which often delays timely diagnosis. Therefore, it would be preferable to have an one-instrument targeted multi-metabolite approach. A liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) platform, based on two different methods for analyzing 38 metabolites using pos. and neg. electrospray ionisation modes, was established. To allow for platform extension, both methods were designed to use the same CSF sample preparation procedure and to be run on the same separation column (ACE C18-PFP). Assessment of the LC-MS/MS platform methods was first made by anal. validation, followed by the establishment of literature-based CSF cut-off values and reference ranges, and by the measurement of available samples obtained from patients with confirmed diagnoses of aromatic -amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency, ornithine aminotransferase deficiency, cerebral folate deficiency and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. An extendable targeted LC-MS/MS platform was developed for the anal. of multiple metabolites in CSF, thereby distinguishing samples from patients with IEM from non-IEM samples. Reference concentrations for several biomarkers in CSF are provided for the first time. By measurement on a single anal. platform, less sample volume is required (200μL), diagnostic results are obtained faster, and preanal. issues are reduced. LC-MS/MS platform for CSF anal. consisting of two differentially designed methods. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Quality Control of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to cerebrospinal fluid inborn error metabolism lcms ms analysis, cerebrospinal fluid, inborn errors of metabolism, inherited metabolic diseases, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, reference ranges, targeted metabolomics and other aspects.Quality Control of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Related Products of 3934-20-1In 2022 ,《Pyrimidyn-Based Dynamin Inhibitors as Novel Cytotoxic Agents》 appeared in ChemMedChem. The author of the article were Odell, Luke R.; Chau, Ngoc; Russell, Cecilia C.; Young, Kelly A.; Gilbert, Jayne; Robinson, Phillip J.; Sakoff, Jennette A.; McCluskey, Adam. The article conveys some information:

Five focused libraries of pyrimidine-based dynamin GTPase inhibitors, in total 69 compounds were synthesized, and their dynamin inhibition and broad-spectrum cytotoxicity examined Dynamin plays a crucial role in mitosis, and as such inhibition of dynamin was expected to broadly correlate with the observed cytotoxicity. The pyrimidines synthesized ranged from mono-substituted to trisubstituted. The highest levels of dynamin inhibition were noted with di- and tri- substituted pyrimidines, especially those with pendent amino alkyl chains. Short chains and simple heterocyclic rings reduced dynamin activity. There were three levels of dynamin activity noted: 1-10, 10-25 and 25-60 μM. Screening of these compounds in a panel of cancer cell lines: SW480 (colon), HT29 (colon), SMA (spontaneous murine astrocytoma), MCF-7 (breast), BE2-C (glioblastoma), SJ-G2 (neuroblastoma), MIA (pancreas), A2780 (ovarian), A431 (skin), H460 (lung), U87 (glioblastoma) and DU145 (prostate) cell lines reveal a good correlation between the observed dynamin inhibition and the observed cytotoxicity. The most active analogs (31 a,b) developed returned average GI50 values of 1.0 and 0.78 μM across the twelve cell lines examined These active analogs were: N2-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N4-dodecyl-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine (31 a) and N4-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N2-dodecyl-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine (31 b). The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 2,4-Dichloropyrimidine(cas: 3934-20-1Related Products of 3934-20-1)

2,4-Dichloropyrimidine(cas: 3934-20-1) is a member of organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. They are generally not present in crude oils and are typically the result of additives, cleaning solutions or chemicals used for oil recovery.Related Products of 3934-20-1

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Zhang, Yiwen; Zhang, Min; Han, Zhengbo; Huang, Shijun; Yuan, Daqiang; Su, Weiping published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Atmosphere-Pressure Methane Oxidation to Methyl Trifluoroacetate Enabled by a Porous Organic Polymer-Supported Single-Site Palladium Catalyst》, and you may find the article in ACS Catalysis.Recommanded Product: 1193-21-1 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The efficient conversion of methane into methanol at low temperature under low pressure remains a great challenge largely because of the inertness and poor solubility of methane. Herein, we report that a porous organic polymer-supported Pd catalyst, which was constructed via Friedel-Crafts type polymerization between 4,6-dichloropyrimidine and 1,3,5-tri-Ph benzene and subsequent metalation, enabled the conversion of methane to Me trifluoroacetate, a precursor to methanol, under atm. pressure (1 atm) at 80°C to afford a 51% yield relative to methane with a TON of 664 over 20 h. On increasing the pressure to 30 bar, this palladium catalyst offered a TON of 1276 for a run and could be reused for at least five runs without a notable loss of activity. The characterization of this Pd catalyst revealed its good affinity for methane uptake that would increase the concentration of methane in the local space around the Pd center and the homogeneous distribution of Pd2+ on support that would protect the catalytically active metal species, shedding light on the high catalytic activity of this Pd catalyst toward methane conversion. The experimental process involved the reaction of 4,6-Dichloropyrimidine(cas: 1193-21-1Recommanded Product: 1193-21-1)

4,6-Dichloropyrimidine(cas: 1193-21-1) is a member of organic chlorides. Organic chloride content in crude oil can be detected through specialized laboratory analysis. Care and attention are essential while sampling and testing.Recommanded Product: 1193-21-1

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

In 2018,Molecules included an article by Wright, Emily W.; Nelson, Ronald A. Jr.; Karpova, Yelena; Kulik, George; Welker, Mark E.. COA of Formula: C4HCl3N2. The article was titled 《Synthesis and PI3 kinase inhibition activity of some novel trisubstituted morpholinopyrimidines》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A number of new substituted morpholinopyrimidines were prepared utilizing sequential nucleophilic aromatic substitution and cross-coupling reactions. One of the disubstituted pyrimidines was converted into two trisubstituted compounds which were screened as PI3K inhibitors relative to the well-characterized PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474, and were found to be 1.5-3-times more potent. A leucine linker was attached to the most active inhibitor since it would remain on any peptide-containing prodrug after cleavage by prostate-specific antigen, and it did not prevent inhibition of AKT phosphorylation and hence the inhibition of PI3K by the modified inhibitor. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 2,4,6-Trichloropyrimidine(cas: 3764-01-0COA of Formula: C4HCl3N2)

2,4,6-Trichloropyrimidine(cas: 3764-01-0) is a member of organic chlorides. Organic chloride content in crude oil can be detected through specialized laboratory analysis. Care and attention are essential while sampling and testing.COA of Formula: C4HCl3N2

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

In 2018,Bucevicius, Jonas; Turks, Maris; Tumkevicius, Sigitas published 《Easy Access to Isomeric 7-Deazapurine-1,2,3-Triazole Conjugates via S N Ar and CuAAC Reactions of 2,6-Diazido-7-deazapurines》.Synlett published the findings.Synthetic Route of C6H3Cl2N3 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A simple and efficient synthesis of isomeric 7-deazapurine-1,2,3-triazole conjugates, e.g. I, with amino substituents from readily available 9-alkyl-2,6-diazido-7-deazapurines has been developed using consecutive CuAAC and regioselective nucleophilic substitution reactions of azido and 1,2,3-triazole groups with amines. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 2,4-Dichloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine(cas: 90213-66-4Synthetic Route of C6H3Cl2N3)

2,4-Dichloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine(cas: 90213-66-4) belongs to pyrimidine. The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives, including the nucleotides cytosine, thymine and uracil, thiamine (vitamin B1) and alloxan. Synthetic Route of C6H3Cl2N3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

In 2018,ChemistrySelect included an article by Xiao, Ke; Zhu, Congjun; Lin, Maohua; Song, Chuanjun; Chang, Junbiao. Formula: C8H10N2O2. The article was titled 《Base-Promoted Cycloisomerization for the Synthesis of Indolizines and Related Heterocycles》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The base-mediated 5-exo-dig type cyclization reaction of homopropargyl pyridines for the construction of indolizines I (R1= COOEt, CN, COMe, etc.; R2 = Me, CH2C6H4, 4-ClC6H4CH2, 4-MeOC6H4CH2; R3 = H, 7-Me) has been reported for the first time. A variety of indolizine derivatives could be obtained in moderate to excellent isolated yields by treatment of homopropargyl pryidines with cesium carbonate in DMSO at 100°. This strategy could also be adapted to the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines and pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidines from the corresponding homopropargyl quinolines and homopropargyl pyrimidines, resp. The mechanism involves α C-H deprotonation, 5-exo-dig cyclization, and isomerization of the exocyclic double bond to provide the heteroaromatic system. The transformation reported herein does not require the aid of transition metal catalysts or halogens, and is thus environmentally friendly. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Ethyl 2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)acetate(cas: 63155-11-3Formula: C8H10N2O2)

Ethyl 2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)acetate(cas: 63155-11-3) is a member of pyrimidine. Pyrimidine derivatives are an important class of N-heterocycles. They are well-known for their wide spectrum of promising biological activities such as antitumors, bactericidals, and fungicidal.Formula: C8H10N2O2

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Category: pyrimidinesIn 2021 ,《Synthesis of Luminescent Fused Imidazole Bicyclic Acetic Esters by a Multicomponent Palladium Iodide-Catalyzed Oxidative Alkoxycarbonylation Approach》 appeared in ChemCatChem. The author of the article were Veltri, Lucia; Prestia, Tommaso; Russo, Patrizio; Clementi, Catia; Vitale, Paola; Ortica, Fausto; Gabriele, Bartolo. The article conveys some information:

A new multicomponent catalytic approach to important fused imidazole bicyclic acetic esters, whose core is present in many biol. active principles, is presented. It is based on the sequential cyclization-alkoxycarbonylation-isomerization of readily available N-heterocyclic propargylamine derivatives, carried out under oxidative conditions using a simple catalytic system consisting of PdI2 (1 mol%) in conjunction with KI (1 equivalent), in the presence of AcONa as additive (1 equivalent) at 100°C under 20 bar of a 4 : 1 mixture CO-air. Under the optimized conditions, several N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-amines were smoothly converted into alkyl 2-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)acetates in fair yields (51-77%). The method was also applied to the conversion of N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine into 2-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetate and of N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)pyrazin-2-amine into 2-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)acetate. Some of the newly synthesized bicyclic derivatives have shown promising luminescence properties. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 2,4,6-Trichloropyrimidine(cas: 3764-01-0Category: pyrimidines)

2,4,6-Trichloropyrimidine(cas: 3764-01-0) is a member of organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. They are generally not present in crude oils and are typically the result of additives, cleaning solutions or chemicals used for oil recovery.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia