Tag: 100-200

On February 5, 2021, Sambathkumar, S.; Manivannan, C.; Baskaran, S.; Kumar, R. Raj; Anbazhagan, V. published an article.Synthetic Route of 626-48-2 The title of the article was A study on the interaction of nile blue with Uracils: A spectroscopic and computational approach. And the article contained the following:

The present work focuses the investigation on fluorescence quenching of nile blue (NB) in presence of various substituted uracil mols. UV-Visible absorption studies signify the possibility of ground state complex formation between NB and uracil mols. The increase in concentration of quencher mols. greatly influences the emission spectra of NB. The bimol. quenching rate constant (kq) were calculated and found to depend on the position and electronic properties of substituent in quencher mols. Fluorescence quenching experiments were performed at different temperature to calculate the thermodn. parameters. The fluorescence lifetime measurements show that the quenching process proceeds through static quenching. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching includes the possibility of proton transfer. The bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) reveals the release of H· from the quencher mols. The quencher mols. possess antioxidant activity and identified using deoxyribose degradation assay. The position of substituent and its electronic property are key features to address the antioxidant activity of uracil mols. The experimental process involved the reaction of 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 626-48-2).Synthetic Route of 626-48-2

The Article related to nile blue uracil fluorescence quenching kinetics antioxidant activity, antioxidant activity, fluorescence quenching, nile blue, uracil, Physical Organic Chemistry: Theoretical Organic Chemical Concepts, Including Quantum and Molecular Mechanical Studies and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 626-48-2

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On December 31, 2014, Terent’ev, A. O.; Borisova, N. S.; Khamitov, E. M.; Zimin, Yu. S.; Mustafin, A. G. published an article.Quality Control of 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was Experimental and quantum-chemical studies of the reactions of 6-methyluracil with succinic and fumaric acids. And the article contained the following:

Possible structures of 6-methyluracil complexes with succinic and fumaric acids were studied by quantum-chem. means. The possibility of complex formation occurring between 6-methyluracil and the acids in the ionized and nonionized states was evaluated. The form of the complexes containing the nonionized acid was found to dominate. The quantum-chem. calculation data were consistent with the exptl. results. The experimental process involved the reaction of 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 626-48-2).Quality Control of 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to methyluracil succinic fumaric acid hydrogen bonding chem shift, Physical Organic Chemistry: Theoretical Organic Chemical Concepts, Including Quantum and Molecular Mechanical Studies and other aspects.Quality Control of 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On May 2, 2019, Kua, Jeremy published an article.Name: 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was Exploring Free Energy Profiles of Uracil and Cytosine Reactions with Formaldehyde. And the article contained the following:

Simple polymers can be potentially formed by the co-oligomerization of pyrimidine nucleobases, uracil and cytosine, with the small mol. formaldehyde. Using d. functional calculations, we have constructed a free energy map outlining the thermodn. and kinetics for (1) the addition of formaldehyde to uracil and cytosine to form hydroxymethylated uracil (HMU) and hydroxymethylated cytosine (HMC), (2) the deamination of cytosine and HMC to uracil and HMU, resp., and (3) the initial oligomerization of 5-HMU. For the initial formation of monomeric HMU, addition of formaldehyde to the C5 and C6 positions is thermodynamically favored over N1 and N3, but faces higher kinetic barriers, and explains why 5-HMU is the main product observed exptl. Oligomerization of 5-HMU is thermodynamically favorable although decreasingly so at the tetramer stage. In addition, decreasing concentrations of initial monomer shifts the equilibrium disfavoring oligomer formation. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Name: 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to free energy profile reaction uracil cytosine formaldehyde, Physical Organic Chemistry: Theoretical Organic Chemical Concepts, Including Quantum and Molecular Mechanical Studies and other aspects.Name: 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On December 29, 2020, Pritha Rao, T. V.; Kuzminov, Andrei published an article.Recommanded Product: 65-71-4 The title of the article was Exopolysaccharide defects cause hyper-thymineless death in Escherichia coli via massive loss of chromosomal DNA and cell lysis. And the article contained the following:

Thymineless death in Escherichia coli thyA mutants growing in the absence of thymidine (dT) is preceded by a substantial resistance phase, during which the culture titer remains static, as if the chromosome has to accumulate damage before ultimately failing. Significant chromosomal replication and fragmentation during the resistance phase could provide appropriate sources of this damage. Alternatively, the initial chromosomal replication in thymine (T)-starved cells could reflect a considerable endogenous dT source, making the resistance phase a delay of acute starvation, rather than an integral part of thymineless death. Here we identify such a low-mol.-weight (LMW)-dT source as mostly dTDP-glucose and its derivatives, used to synthesize enterobacterial common antigen (ECA). The thyA mutant, in which dTDP-glucose production is blocked by the rfbA rffH mutations, lacks a LMW-dT pool, the initial DNA synthesis during T-starvation and the resistance phase. Remarkably, the thyA mutant that makes dTDP-glucose and initiates ECA synthesis normally yet cannot complete it due to the rffC defect, maintains a regular LMW-dT pool, but cannot recover dTTP from it, and thus suffers T-hyperstarvation, dying precipitously, completely losing chromosomal DNA and eventually lysing, even without chromosomal replication. At the same time, its ECA+thyA parent does not lyse during T-starvation, while both the dramatic killing and chromosomal DNA loss in the ECA-deficient thyA mutants precede cell lysis. We conclude that: (1) the significant pool of dTDP-hexoses delays acute T-starvation; (2) T-starvation destabilizes even nonreplicating chromosomes, while T-hyperstarvation destroys them; and (3) beyond the chromosome, T-hyperstarvation also destabilizes the cell envelope. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Recommanded Product: 65-71-4

The Article related to exopolysaccharide thymidine thya mutation chromosome cell lysis escherichia, cell lysis, chromosome fragmentation, chromosome replication, dtdp-glucose, enterobacterial common antigen and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 65-71-4

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Qureshi, Wasay Mohiuddin Shaikh; Pratten, Margaret K. published an article in 2018, the title of the article was Chick embryonic cardiomyocyte micromass system for assessing developmental cardiotoxicity of drugs.Product Details of 626-48-2 And the article contains the following content:

Heart is the first mesodermal organ to develop and is sensitive to life-threatening toxic effects of drugs during development. A number of methods have been devised to study developmental cardiotoxic effects of drugs including micromass system. The micromass system involves the culture of primary embryonic cells and reestablishment of tissue system in vitro. In chick embryonic cardiomyocyte micromass system the chick heart cells are cultured in a small volume at a very high cell d. These cells form synchronized contracting foci. Addition of drugs to this system allows us to study the developmental cardiotoxic effects at mol. level. Using appropriate end points and mol. marker or adopting high-throughput screening, this method can further help to identify and avoid the use of cardiotoxic compounds during development. The experimental process involved the reaction of 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 626-48-2).Product Details of 626-48-2

The Article related to heart cardiomyocyte micromass system developmental cardiotoxicity vpa bpn, cardiomyocytes, chick, connexin43, developmental toxicology, micromass, reactive oxygen species, teratogens and other aspects.Product Details of 626-48-2

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Starczak, Marta; Zarakowska, Ewelina; Modrzejewska, Martyna; Dziaman, Tomasz; Szpila, Anna; Linowiecka, Kinga; Guz, Jolanta; Szpotan, Justyna; Gawronski, Maciej; Labejszo, Anna; Liebert, Ariel; Banaszkiewicz, Zbigniew; Klopocka, Maria; Foksinski, Marek; Gackowski, Daniel; Olinski, Ryszard published an article in 2018, the title of the article was In vivo evidence of ascorbate involvement in the generation of epigenetic DNA modifications in leukocytes from patients with colorectal carcinoma, benign adenoma and inflammatory bowel disease.Application of 4433-40-3 And the article contains the following content:

Background: A characteristic feature of malignant cells, such as colorectal cancer cells, is a profound decrease in the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, a product of 5-methylcytosine oxidation by TET enzymes. Recent studies showed that ascorbate may upregulate the activity of TET enzymes in cultured cells and enhance formation of their products in genomic DNA. Methods: The study included four groups of subjects: healthy controls (n = 79), patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, n = 51), adenomatous polyps (n = 67) and colorectal cancer (n = 136). The list of analyzed parameters included (i) leukocyte levels of epigenetic DNA modifications and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidatively modified DNA, determined by means of isotope-dilution automated online two-dimensional ultra-performance liquid chromatog. with tandem mass spectrometry, (ii) expression of TET mRNA measured with RT-qPCR, and (iii) chromatog.-determined plasma concentrations of retinol, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate. Results: Patients from all groups presented with significantly lower levels of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA than the controls. A similar tendency was also observed for 5-hydroxymethyluracil level. Patients with IBD showed the highest levels of 5-formylcytosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine of all study subjects, and individuals with colorectal cancer presented with the lowest concentrations of ascorbate and retinol. A pos. correlation was observed between plasma concentration of ascorbate and levels of two epigenetic modifications, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethyluracil in leukocyte DNA. Moreover, a significant difference was found in the levels of these modifications in patients whose plasma concentrations of ascorbate were below the lower and above the upper quartile for the control group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that deficiency of ascorbate in the blood may be a marker of its shortage in other tissues, which in turn may correspond to deterioration of DNA methylation-demethylation. These observations may provide a rationale for further research on blood biomarkers of colorectal cancer development. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Application of 4433-40-3

The Article related to ascorbate epigenetics dna modification leukocyte carcinoma inflammatory bowel disease, ascorbate, colon polyp, colorectal cancer, dna demethylation, epigenetic dna modifications, ibd and other aspects.Application of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On February 5, 2015, Saitoh, Morihisa; Yogo, Takatoshi; Kamei, Taku; Tokunaga, Norihito; Ohba, Yusuke; Yukawa, Takafumi published a patent.Application In Synthesis of 6,7-Dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine hydrochloride The title of the patent was Preparation of pyridinylpyrrolidinone heterocyclic compounds as tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitors, and preventive and therapeutic methods for autoimmune disease. And the patent contained the following:

The heterocyclic compounds are represented by formula I [ring A = addnl. (un)substituted pyrrolidine; R1, R2, R4 = H, substituent; R3 = H, halo, halo-(un)containing C1-6 alkyl, amino, halo-(un)containing C1-6 alkyl(mono or di-)amino; R5 = H, (un)substituted C1-6 alkyl, (un)substituted C6-14 aryl, (un)substituted aromatic heterocycle, acyl]. Thus, reacting Et cyano(cyclopropyl)acetate (preparation given) with 2-benzyl(2-bromoethyl)carbamate, reacting with sodium hydride to obtain 3-cyclopropyl-2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carbonitrile, separating 3-cyclopropyl-2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carbonitrile by chiral HPLC to prepare (3S)-cyclopropyl-2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carbonitrile, reacting (3S)-cyclopropyl-2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carbonitrile with 2-bromo-4-fluoropyridine, and coupling with 5-(morpholin-4-yl)pyridin-2-amine, gave (3S)-3-cyclopropyl-1-[2-[[5-(morpholin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl]amino]pyridin-4-yl]-2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carbonitrile with tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) inhibitory activity (1 μM) 99%. Formulations containing I are given. The experimental process involved the reaction of 6,7-Dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine hydrochloride(cas: 1187830-46-1).Application In Synthesis of 6,7-Dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine hydrochloride

The Article related to pyridinylpyrrolidinone tyk2 inhibitor preparation autoimmune therapeutic psoriasis rheumatoid, arthritis inflammatory sjoegren behcet multiple sclerosis systemic lupus erythematosus and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of 6,7-Dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine hydrochloride

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On July 17, 2020, Gong, Yong; Chen, Lu; Zhang, Wei; Salter, Rhys published an article.Application In Synthesis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was Transglycosylation in the Modification and Isotope Labeling of Pyrimidine Nucleosides. And the article contained the following:

Transglycosylation of pyrimidine nucleosides is demonstrated in a one-pot synthesis of uridine derivatives under microwave irradiation Inductive activation of 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl uridine with a 5-nitro group produces a more-reactive glycosyl donor. Under optimized Vorbruggen conditions, the 5-nitrouridine facilitates a reversible nucleobase exchange with a series of 5-substituted uracils. The protocol is also exemplified in a gram-scale reaction under thermal heating. The strategy provides easy access to isotopically labeled uridine. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Application In Synthesis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to vorbruggen nitrouridine nucleobase thermal heating microwave transglycosylation nucleoside, transglycosylation pyrimidine nucleoside isotope labeling synthesis microwave irradiation and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On October 29, 2020, Heymach, John; Robichaux, Jacqulyne; Nilsson, Monique; Jones, Philip; Cross, Jason; Theroff, Jay published a patent.Recommanded Product: 4-Chloro-6-fluoropyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine The title of the patent was Preparation of pyridopyrimidines as inhibitors of tyrosine kinase for the treatment or prevention of diseases. And the patent contained the following:

The invention relates to preparation of pyridopyrimidines(I) as inhibitors of tyrosine kinase which may be useful as inhibitors of HER2 or EGFR for the treatment or prevention of diseases, including cancer. Compounds I wherein A1 is C(R1)or N; A2 is C(R2)or N; A3 is C(R3)or N; Ar1 is aryl or heteroaryl; R1 is halo, CN, OR6, etc.; R2 is H, alkyl, alkoxy; R3 is H or alkyl; R6 is alkyl, H, C(=O)alkyl, are claimed. The example compound II was prepared via 10-step synthetic procedure using 6-fluoropyridin-3-amine as starting material (procedure given). Compounds I were evaluated for their biol. activity (data given). Compounds I can be used in treatment or prevention of HER2- and EGFR-mediated diseases. The experimental process involved the reaction of 4-Chloro-6-fluoropyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine(cas: 175357-98-9).Recommanded Product: 4-Chloro-6-fluoropyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine

The Article related to enamide pyridopyrimidine preparation tyrosine kinase inhibitor cancer treatment prophylaxis, pyridopyrimidine preparation mutation her2 egfr inhibitor disease treatment prophylaxis and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 4-Chloro-6-fluoropyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On September 18, 2015, Lin, Meng-I.; Su, Bo-Han; Lee, Chia-Hsin; Wang, Suz-Ting; Wu, Wen-Chun; Dangate, Prasad; Wang, Shi-Yun; Huang, Wen-I.; Cheng, Ting-Jen; Lin, Olivia A.; Cheng, Yih-Shyun E.; Tseng, Yufeng Jane; Sun, Chung-Ming published an article.Name: 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was Synthesis and inhibitory effects of novel pyrimido-pyrrolo-quinoxalinedione analogues targeting nucleoproteins of influenza A virus H1N1. And the article contained the following:

The influenza nucleoprotein (NP) is a single-strand RNA-binding protein and the core of the influenza ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle that serves many critical functions for influenza replication. NP has been considered as a promising anti-influenza target. A new class of anti-influenza compounds, nucleozin and analogs were reported recently in several laboratories to inhibit the synthesis of influenza macromols. and prevent the cytoplasmic trafficking of the influenza RNP. In this study, pyrimido-pyrrolo-quinoxalinedione (PPQ) analogs as a new class of novel anti-influenza agents are reported. Compound PPQ-581 was identified as a potential anti-influenza lead with EC50 value of 1 μM for preventing virus-induced cytopathic effects. PPQ produces similar anti-influenza effects as nucleozin does in influenza-infected cells. Treatment with PPQ at the beginning of H1N1 infection inhibited viral protein synthesis, while treatment at later times blocked the RNP nuclear export and the appearance of cytoplasmic RNP aggregation. PPQ resistant H1N1 (WSN) viruses were isolated and found to have a NPS377G mutation. Recombinant WSN carrying the S377G NP is resistant to PPQ in anti-influenza and RNA polymerase assays. The WSN virus with the NPS377G mutation also is devoid of the PPQ-mediated RNP nuclear retention and cytoplasmic aggregation. The NPS377G expressing WSN virus is not resistant to the reported NP inhibitors nucleozin. Similarly, the nucleozin resistant WSN viruses are not resistant to PPQ, suggesting that PPQ targets a different site from the nucleozin-binding site. The results also suggest that NP can be targeted through various binding sites to interrupt the crucial RNP trafficking, resulting in influenza replication inhibition. The experimental process involved the reaction of 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 626-48-2).Name: 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to preparation quinoxalinedione nucleoprotein antiviral influenza virus, anti-influenza, influenza nucleoprotein, pyrimido-pyrrolo-quinoxalinedione (ppq), rna-dependent rna polymerase and other aspects.Name: 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia