Pyrimidine is a nitrogenous base similar to benzene (a six-membered ring) and includes cytosine, thymine, and uracil as bases used for DNA or RNA. 65-86-1, formula is C5H4N2O4, Name is 2,6-Dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid. Pyrimidine also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. Category: pyrimidines.
Swietalski, Paul;Hetzel, Frank;Klaiber, Iris;Pross, Eva;Seitl, Ines;Fischer, Lutz research published 《 Orotic acid production by Yarrowia lipolytica under conditions of limited pyrimidine》, the research content is summarized as follows. Orotic acid (OA) is an intermediate of the pyrimidine biosynthesis with high industrial relevance due to its use as precursor for production of biochem. pyrimidines or its use as carrier mol. in drug formulations. It can be produced by fermentation of microorganisms with engineered pyrimidine metabolism In this study, we surprisingly discovered the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica as a powerful producer of OA. The overproduction of OA in the Y. lipolytica strain PO1f was found to be caused by the deletion of the URA3 gene which prevents the irreversible decarboxylation of OA to uridine monophosphate. It was shown that the lack of orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase was the reason for the accumulation of OA inside the cell since a rescue mutant of the URA3 deletion in Y. lipolytica PO1f completely prevented the OA secretion into the medium. In addition, pyrimidine limitation in the cell massively enhanced the OA accumulation followed by secretion due to intense overflow metabolism during bioreactor cultivations. Accordingly, supplementation of the medium with 200 mg/L uracil drastically decreased the OA overproduction by 91%. OA productivity was further enhanced in fed-batch cultivation with glucose and ammonium sulfate feed to a maximal yield of 9.62 ± 0.21 g/L. Y. lipolytica is one of three OA overproducing yeasts described in the literature so far, and in this study, the highest productivity was shown. This work demonstrates the potential of Y. lipolytica as a possible production organism for OA and provides a basis for further metabolic pathway engineering to optimize OA productivity.
Category: pyrimidines, Orotic acid anhydrous is a hydrogen bonding interaction that can be found in biological systems. It plays a role in the physiological effects of orotic acid, which is a metabolite of uridine and an intermediate in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Orotic acid has antimicrobial properties and has been shown to inhibit enzyme activities involved in energy metabolism, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase. Orotic acid also inhibits the growth of bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Orotic acid anhydrous is used for treating myocardial infarcts or brain functions. The untreated group was given no treatment at all.
Orotic acid, also known as orotate or orotsaeure, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidinecarboxylic acids. These are pyrimidines with a structure containing a carboxyl group attached to the pyrimidine ring. Orotic acid exists as a solid, slightly soluble (in water), and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Orotic acid has been found in human liver and pancreas tissues, and has also been primarily detected in saliva, feces, urine, and blood. Within the cell, orotic acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Orotic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Orotic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, Orotic acid can be biosynthesized from L-dihydroorotic acid and quinone; which is mediated by the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrial. In addition, Orotic acid and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be converted into orotidylic acid through its interaction with the enzyme uridine monophosphate synthetase isoform a. In humans, orotic acid is involved in the pyrimidine metabolism pathway. Orotic acid is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include the mngie (mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy) pathway, dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria), and Beta ureidopropionase deficiency. Outside of the human body, orotic acid can be found in a number of food items such as green vegetables, alaska blueberry, chickpea, and colorado pinyon. This makes orotic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Orotic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Orotic acid has been found to be associated with several diseases known as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency 1, cytosolic and hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria; orotic acid has also been linked to several inborn metabolic disorders including n-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency, lysinuric protein intolerance, and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.
Orotic acid appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Orotic acid is a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. It has a role as a metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It derives from a uracil. It is a conjugate acid of an orotate., 65-86-1.
Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia