Pyrimidines

Application of 18436-73-2. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 4-Chloro-8-methylquinoline, is researched, Molecular C10H8ClN, CAS is 18436-73-2, about C(sp3)-H amination of 8-methylquinolines with azodicarboxylates under Rh(III) catalysis: cytotoxic evaluation of quinolin-8-ylmethanamines. Author is Jeong, Taejoo; Mishra, Neeraj Kumar; Dey, Prasanta; Oh, Hyunjung; Han, Sangil; Lee, Suk Hun; Kim, Hyung Sik; Park, Jihye; Kim, In Su.

The rhodium(III)-catalyzed C(sp3)-H amination reaction of 8-methylquinolines and azodicarboxylates is described. A cationic rhodium catalyst in the presence of lithium acetate and lithium carbonate was found to be an optimal catalytic system for the construction of quinolin-8-ylmethanamine derivatives, which were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) and human prostate adenocarcinoma cells (LNCaP).

Compounds in my other articles are similar to this one(4-Chloro-8-methylquinoline)Application of 18436-73-2, you can compare them to see their pros and cons in some ways,such as convenient, effective and so on.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 4-Chloro-8-methylquinoline, is researched, Molecular C10H8ClN, CAS is 18436-73-2, about Cp*CoIII-Catalyzed Alkylation of Primary and Secondary C(sp3)-H Bonds of 8-Alkylquinolines with Maleimides.Electric Literature of C10H8ClN.

The cobalt(III)-catalyzed C(sp3)-H bond alkylation of 8-Me quinoline with maleimides is reported. In contrast to the rhodium-catalyzed method, in the current cobalt-catalyzed method, a catalytic amount of acid is used, and importantly, it is also applicable to secondary C(sp3)-H bond alkylation. The developed methodol. is applicable for N-alkyl- and N-aryl-substituted maleimides and unsubstituted maleimides, and it also tolerates the variety of functional groups on the 8-Me quinoline moiety. Atom-economy and high regioselectivity with good to excellent yields of the alkylated products under mild reaction conditions are important features of this method.

Compounds in my other articles are similar to this one(4-Chloro-8-methylquinoline)Electric Literature of C10H8ClN, you can compare them to see their pros and cons in some ways,such as convenient, effective and so on.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Derivatives of pyridine and quinoline. LII. Synthesis of 2,4-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine (4-desoxyadermine)》. Authors are van Wagtendonk, H. M.; Wibaut, J. P..The article about the compound:5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloridecas:148-51-6,SMILESS:OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl).Reference of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:148-51-6) is conveyed.

cf. C. A. 35, 5112.3. NCCH2CONH2 and CH2Ac2 with piperidine in EtOH at 80° give 87% of 4,6-dimethyl-3-cyano-2-pyridone (I), m. 293° (corrected); with HNO3 (d. 1.52) in Ac2O at 5°, I gives a crude yield of 40-6% of the 5-NO2 derivative which with PCl5 in PhCl gives 24-8% of 2,4-dimethyl-3-nitro-5-cyano-6-chloropyridine (II), yellow, m. 114-15°. Catalytic reduction of II with Pd-C in 96% EtOH gives 81.4% of 2,4-dimethyl-3-amino-5-cyano-6-chloropyridine, m. 149-9.2° (corrected); further reduction with Pd-C catalyst in AcOH-AcONa at room temperature gives 2,4-dimethyl-3-amino-5-(aminomethyl)pyridine, characterized as the dipicrate, m. 244° (decomposition), and the di-HCl salt (III), with 1 mol. H2O, does not m. 300°. Reaction of III in 2 N H2SO4 with NaNO2 at 80° gives 2,4-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine (4-desoxyadermine), isolated as the HCl salt, m. 257°.

Compounds in my other articles are similar to this one(5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride)Reference of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride, you can compare them to see their pros and cons in some ways,such as convenient, effective and so on.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

HPLC of Formula: 591-12-8. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about Carbon nanotube/PTFE as a hybrid platform for lipase B from Candida antarctica in transformation of α-angelica lactone into alkyl levulinates. Author is Szelwicka, Anna; Kolanowska, Anna; Latos, Piotr; Jurczyk, Sebastian; Boncel, Slawomir; Chrobok, Anna.

In this work an enzymic method for the synthesis of alkyl levulinates from α-angelica lactone has been reported for the first time. Lipase B from Candida antarctica was immobilized via interfacial activation on the surface of a hybrid support, consisting of com. available multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Among the biocatalysts with various contents of PTFE in the support, the CALB/MWCNT-PTFE (0.10 wt%) biocatalyst with 22.5 wt% CALB loading was determined as the most active one in the model synthesis of the Bu levulinate in toluene. n-Bu levulinate was obtained quantitively after 120 min of the reaction under the selected reaction conditions (2-fold molar excess of n-butanol, 0.150 g of biocatalyst per 1 mmol of α-angelica lactone, 20°C). The yield of Bu levulinate was found to be higher than that in the presence of accurate amounts of sulfuric acid or Novozyme-435. Addnl., the unique stability of the developed biocatalyst was demonstrated over 6 reaction cycles at 20°C. The biocatalyst remained stable over 3 reaction cycles at 60°C as well. The essence of the proposed approach lies in the possibility to overcome the equilibrium limitations occurring in the conventional Fisher esterification. The activity of the elaborated hybrid biocatalyst in the reactions non-specific for lipases is a clear proof of the versatility of the novel system.

Compounds in my other articles are similar to this one(5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one)HPLC of Formula: 591-12-8, you can compare them to see their pros and cons in some ways,such as convenient, effective and so on.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Zb. Prikl. Khim. called Synthesis of 2,4-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethylpyridine, Author is Balyakina, M. V.; Rubtsov, I. A.; Zhdanovich, E. S.; Preobrazhenskii, N. A., which mentions a compound: 148-51-6, SMILESS is OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl, Molecular C8H12ClNO2, Application of 148-51-6.

2,4-Dimethyl- 3 – hydroxy-5- hydroxymethylpyridine (4- deoxypyridoxine) (I) was synthesized via the following intermediates: 2,4-dimethyl-5-cyano-6-pyridone (II), 2,4-dimethyl-3-nitro-5-cyano-6-pyridone (III), and 2,4-dimethyl-3-nitro-5-cyano-6-chloropyridine (IV). Reduction of IV was carried out in 1 step in dilute HCl over Pd-C. 2,4-Dimethyl-3-amino-5-aminomethylpyridine was converted without isolation to I by treatment with NaNO2. Thus, 33 ml. NH4OH (d20 0.9) was added with stirring to 40 g. EtO2CCH2CN, the mixture cooled with ice to 0-2° and the precipitate filtered off, washed at 0° with 20 ml. cold EtOH, and dried to yield 23.8 g. cyanoacetamide (V), m. 120-2°. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness to yield an addnl. 3.95 g. Acetylacetone (10.0 g.) was added at 70° to 8.4 g. V in 50 ml. MeOH and 1.12 ml. Me2NH to precipitate 88.1% II, m. 293.1-4.2°. A suspension of 4.44 g. II in 15 ml. Ac2O is treated with stirring with 2.3 ml. HNO3 (d20 1.4) and 2.3 ml. Ac2O at 35-40°, and the mixture stirred 2 hrs. at 18-20° and poured upon 23 g. crushed ice, to precipitate 56.4% yellow III, m. 272.0-2.6° (alc.). P2O5 (5.3 g.) is added to a suspension of 3.6 g. III in 36 ml. PhCl, the mixture heated with stirring 3 hrs. at 118-120° the solvent removed at 45-50°/10 mm., the residue treated with 3.6 ml. absolute alc., stirred, and left 8 hrs. at 0-4°, the precipitate filtered off, washed at 0° with 2 ml. alc., and dried, and the residue extracted with petr. ether (b. 60-70°) to give 62.2% yellow IV, m. 114-15°. IV (2.4 g.) in 25 ml. ice water was added to a pre-hydrogenated mixture of 0.10 g. PdCl2 with H2O, HCl, and C, the hydrogenation continued until the theoretical H absorption, the catalyst separated and washed with 2 ml. H2O, 2.4 ml. HCl (d20 1.18) added to the solution and washings, and the solution heated 1.5 hrs. at 80-5° during which 1.6 g. NaNO2 in 5 ml. H2O was added, the heating continued 30 more min. (neg. starch-iodide test), the solution evaporated in vacuo, the residue extracted with absolute alc., the extracts treated with activated C and concentrated until the appearance of crystals, the mixture kept 8 hrs. at 0-4°, and the precipitate filtered off, washed at 0° with 1 ml. alc., and dried to give 42.2% I, m. 256.1-7.2°.

Compounds in my other articles are similar to this one(5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride)Application of 148-51-6, you can compare them to see their pros and cons in some ways,such as convenient, effective and so on.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reference of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride, is researched, Molecular C8H12ClNO2, CAS is 148-51-6, about Merits of ascites tumors for chemotherapeutic screening. I. Author is Sugiura, Kanematsu.

Ehrlich ascites, Krebs 2 ascites carcinomas, and sarcoma 180 ascites tumor were used in the present study. Fresh ascites fluid containing 106 cancer cells were injected into mice and the recipient regularly developed large amounts of milky ascites (5 to 20 cc.) in 1 to 2 wk and died in 1 to 3 wk. The tumors had 100% takes and there were generally no spontaneous regressions. The exudates contained 5 to 10% normal cells. For the chemotherapy test, a donor mouse was selected 1 to 2 wk, after inoculation and 2 to 5 mL. of milky fluid withdrawn, the cells counted in a hemocytometer, and a proper dilution made with 0.9% NaCl solution I.p. injections of 0.1 mL. of fluid containing 106 cells was made. Each group of animals was divided into a control and treatment group. The progress of the tumors was recorded by daily weight measurement and by measuring the amount of ascitic fluid 10 days after the inoculation. The inhibition effect was then estimated from the effects on the ascites and the survival. Chemotherapeutic agents were injected in solvents as necessary; 0.5 cc. CM-cellulose, 0.5 cc. peanut oil, 0.1 cc. sesame oil were used. One hundred compounds were tested on all 3 tumors; these consisted of nitrogen mustards, ethyleneimines, phosphoramides, folic acid analogs and other pteridines, carbamates, purines, pyrimidines, formamides, steroids, hormones, enzymes, antibiotics, antivitamins, inorganic salts, and others. In 64% of the tests the response to agents was identical in all 3 tumors. A similar study was made of 54 agents on the solid and ascites form of the Ehrlich carcinoma and sarcoma 180. The ascites form usually showed the greater sensitivity to the carcinostatic agent.

Compounds in my other articles are similar to this one(5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride)Reference of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride, you can compare them to see their pros and cons in some ways,such as convenient, effective and so on.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Chemistry of vitamin B6. IX. Derivatives of 5-deoxypyridoxine》. Authors are Heyl, Dorothea; Harris, Stanton A.; Folkers, Karl.The article about the compound:5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloridecas:148-51-6,SMILESS:OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl).Product Details of 148-51-6. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:148-51-6) is conveyed.

cf. C.A. 47, 8745g. The 5-deoxy derivatives (I) of pyridoxine (II), pyridoxal (III), and pyridoxamine (IV) were prepared and characterized. The I can participate normally in biochemical reactions involving the substituent at the 4-position but cannot be phosphorylated like II, III, and IV. As expected the I had no vitamin B6 activity but were effective antimetabolites. Codecarboxylase has been catalytically hydrogenated to 5-deoxypyridoxine (V); both II and III yielded under the same conditions a mixture of 4-deoxypyridoxine (VI) and V. The absorption spectra of 5-deoxypyridoxal (VII) (recorded) and pure pyridoxal-5-phosphate (codecarboxylase) (VIII) at pH 11.0 and 1.9, resp., are almost identical. The deep yellow color of both VII and VIII in alk. solution together with other absorption characteristics is ascribed to a quinoid structure. 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4-methoxymethyl-5-chloromethylpyridine (IX).HCl (2.38 g.) in 125 cc. MeOH was shaken with H in the presence of 2 g. 5% Pd-Darco, the mixture filtered, and the filtrate concentrated to 20 cc. to yield 1.5 g. (75%) 2,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methoxymethylpyridine (X).HCl, m. 152-3° (from EtOH-Et2O). IX.HCl (23.7 g.) reduced similarly in 2 equal portions, each one in 600 cc. MeOH with 5 g. Pd catalyst yielded 19.0 g. (94%) X.HCl. X.HCl (1.47 g.) in 50 cc. 4N HCl heated 3 hrs. at 180-90° in a sealed tube, the colorless solution filtered, the filtrate concentrated to dryness, and the H2O removed azeotropically with EtOH and C6H6 yielded 0.96 g. (70%) V.HCl, m. 143-3.5° (from EtOH-Et2O); treated with excess NaHCO3 gave V, m. 181-2° (from EtOH). X.HCl was treated in H2O with NaHCO3, the mixture concentrated in vacuo and extracted with Et2O, the extract evaporated, 3.1 g. of the residual free base heated 18 hrs. with 50 cc. MeOH and 50 cc. liquid NH3 in a sealed tube, the mixture evaporated in vacuo to dryness, MeOH added and removed twice by distillation, and the residue extracted with Et2O to leave 1.86 g. (60%) 5-deoxypyridoxamine (XI); m. 160-1° (from MeOH); 2,5-dimethyl-3-p-toluenesulfonoxy-4-p-toluenesulfonylaminopyridine-HCl, m. 194-5° (from EtOH). A small sample of XI was heated 20 min. with Ac2O on a steam bath, the solution concentrated to dryness, the residue treated with EtOH, distilled to dryness, dissolved in HCl, treated with Darco, neutralized with NaHCO3, chilled, and the crystalline deposit recrystallized from C6H6 containing a few drops EtOH to give 2,5-dimethyl-3-acetoxy-4-acetylaminomethylpyridine, m. 174-5°. V.HCl (5.7 g.) was stirred 2 hrs. at 60-70° with 2.8 g. MnO2, 1.5 cc. H2SO4, and 75 cc. H2O, the mixture filtered, the filtrate concentrated in vacuo, the sirup taken up in 15 cc. H2O, excess solid AcONa added, and the thick, crystalline precipitate cooled, filtered off, and washed with ice water to give 1.30 g. (29%) VII, m. 108-9° (from petr. ether); the aqueous filtrate from VII gave with 2 g. NH2OH.HCl 0.9 g. (18%) oxime of VII, m. 239-40° (decomposition) (from EtOH). To the aqueous filtrate of a similar run were added 12 g. NaOAc and 4.5 g. NH2OH.HCl and the mixture was heated 10 min. on a steam bath to yield 2.43 g. (49%) oxime of VII. VII in CHCl3 treated with excess alc. HCl, the solution evaporated in vacuo to dryness, a little H2O added and removed in vacuo, and the residue treated with CHCl3 yielded VII.HCl, m. 191-3° (decomposition). VII (90 mg.) in 1 cc. H2O was cooled in ice, the pH adjusted to 11 with 6N NaOH, 4 drops 30% H2O2 added, the mixture adjusted to pH 3 with HCl and cooled, and the precipitate washed with H2O, EtOH, and Et2O to yield 70 mg. (85%) 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyridine, decomposed 262-70°. Crude Ca codecarboxylase (0.5 g.) was suspended in H2O and treated with 0.7 cc. 6N HCl, the mixture filtered, the filtrate diluted to 50 cc. shaken 2.25 hrs. at atm. pressure with H and 0.5 g. 10% Pd-C, filtered and concentrated to dryness in vacuo, the residue dissolved in about 3 cc. H2O, the solution treated with excess solid NaHCO3, filtered, the filter residue washed with H2O, the combined filtrate and washings were concentrated in vacuo to 5 cc., the concentrate extracted 21 hrs. continuously with CHCl3, the extract evaporated, and the residue treated with alc. HCl and precipitated with Et2O to give 0.07 g. V.HCl, m. 140-1°. III.HCl (0.35 g.) was treated with 0.10 g. CaO and 0.17 g. H3PO4 and hydrogenated similarly to give 0.08 g. (24%) VI.HCl, m. 264-5°, and 0.11 g. (33%) V.HCl; the aqueous filtrate left from the CHCl3-extraction was concentrated to dryness, the residue extracted with EtOH, and the extract acidified with alc. HCl to give 0.11 g. (30%) I.HCl. Similar hydrogenation of 0.40 g. I.HCl in 0.3 cc. 6N HCl and 50 cc. H2O for 4-5 hrs. gave 0.16 g. (42%) VI.HCl and 0.09 g. (24%) V.HCl. Attempted similar hydrogenation of V gave only recovered starting material.

Compounds in my other articles are similar to this one(5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride)Product Details of 148-51-6, you can compare them to see their pros and cons in some ways,such as convenient, effective and so on.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t, Angewandte Chemie, International Edition called Biosynthesis of Pseudomonas-Derived Butenolides, Author is Klapper, Martin; Schlabach, Kevin; Paschold, Andre; Zhang, Shuaibing; Chowdhury, Somak; Menzel, Klaus-Dieter; Rosenbaum, Miriam A.; Stallforth, Pierre, which mentions a compound: 591-12-8, SMILESS is O=C1OC(C)=CC1, Molecular C5H6O2, Name: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one.

Butenolides are well-known signaling mols. in Gram-pos. bacteria. Here, we describe a novel class of butenolides isolated from a Gram-neg. Pseudomonas strain, the styrolides. Structure elucidation was aided by the total synthesis of styrolide A. Transposon mutagenesis enabled us to identify the styrolide biosynthetic gene cluster, and by using a homol. search, we discovered the related and previously unknown acaterin biosynthetic gene cluster in another Pseudomonas species. Mutagenesis, heterologous expression, and identification of key shunt and intermediate products were crucial to propose a biosynthetic pathway for both Pseudomonas-derived butenolides. The Whole Genome Shotgun project for P. fluorescens HKI0874 has been deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession VCNJ00000000.

Compounds in my other articles are similar to this one(5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one)Name: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, you can compare them to see their pros and cons in some ways,such as convenient, effective and so on.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one( cas:591-12-8 ) is researched.Application In Synthesis of 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one.Yanase, Daichi; Hara, Takayoshi; Sato, Fumiya; Yamada, Yasuhiro; Sato, Satoshi published the article 《Vapor-phase hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone over Cu-Ni alloy catalysts》 about this compound( cas:591-12-8 ) in Applied Catalysis, A: General. Keywords: hydrogenation levulinate gamma valerolactone copper nickel alloy catalyst. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:591-12-8).

Vapor-phase hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) was investigated over supported-type Cu-Ni/Al2O3 catalysts in H2 flow at 250°C. Ni-rich Cu-Ni/Al2O3 catalysts, typically 6 weight% Cu and 14 weight% Ni, achieved high LA conversion with high stability and high GVL selectivity. XRD analyses of the catalysts clarified that Cu-Ni alloy nanoparticles were produced on the alumina support by forming a solid solution of CuO-NiO. The Cu-Ni/Al2O3 catalyst showed the highest GVL productivity of 11.0 kg kg-1cat h-1 with a selectivity of 98.6%, although the catalyst was gradually deactivated with time on stream under high space velocity conditions. In the characterization of the used catalysts, the catalyst deactivation would be caused by the sintering of active Cu-Ni alloy nanoparticles, which could be induced by the cycle of the oxidation with H2O and the reduction with H2.

Compounds in my other articles are similar to this one(5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one)Application In Synthesis of 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, you can compare them to see their pros and cons in some ways,such as convenient, effective and so on.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reference of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride, is researched, Molecular C8H12ClNO2, CAS is 148-51-6, about Inhibition of growth and increased mortality of Mexican bean beetle larvae fed with thiamine and pyridoxine antagonists and reversal of effect with vitamin supplementation. Author is Gothilf, Shmuel; Waites, Robert E..

Repressed growth and survival of Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) larvae were observed when the larvae were fed leaves dipped in 1% solutions of the vitamin analogs oxythiamine, pyrithiamine, or deoxypyridoxine. When the corresponding vitamins, thiamine or pyridoxine, were added to the antivitamins in a 1:1 ratio, the adverse effects of the antivitamins were reversed. Sulfanilamide and pantoyltaurine also increased mortality when used as 1% solutions, but pantothenyl alc., 2-picolinic acid, and 3-acetylpyridine were ineffective.

Compounds in my other articles are similar to this one(5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride)Reference of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride, you can compare them to see their pros and cons in some ways,such as convenient, effective and so on.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia