Pyrimidines

Solvent-free microwave multicomponent regiospecific synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-c]isoquinolines and evaluation in vitro of their antifungal properties was written by Quiroga, Jairo;Cisneros, Carlos;Insuasty, Braulio;Abonia, Rodrigo;Nogueras, Manuel;Sortino, Maximiliano;Zacchino, Susana. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2006.Recommanded Product: 54030-56-7 This article mentions the following:

The solvent-free multicomponent reaction of 6-aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-ones with dimedone and N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal under microwave irradiation yields pyrimido[4,5-c]isoquinolinones. In this process, the intermediate of cyclization was isolated. The structure of the synthesized compounds was determined on the basis of NMR measurements, especially by ¹H,¹H-, ¹H ,¹³C COSY, and DEPT. These compounds showed antifungal in vitro activity particularly against dermatophytes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Amino-3-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (cas: 54030-56-7Recommanded Product: 54030-56-7).

6-Amino-3-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (cas: 54030-56-7) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. Drugs having the pyrimidine motif have manifested to exhibit gratifying biological activity like anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antihypertensive activities.Recommanded Product: 54030-56-7

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Accurate Quantification of Sulfonamide Metabolites in Goat Meat: A New Strategy for Minimizing Interaction between Sheep Serum Albumin and Sulfonamide Metabolites was written by Jia, Wei;Zhang, Min;Du, An;Zhang, Rong;Xu, Mudan;Shi, Lin. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2021.Product Details of 1220-83-3 This article mentions the following:

To date, the determination of sulfonamide metabolites in animal-derived food has universal disadvantages of low throughput and no integrated metabolites involved. In this study, a powerful and reliable strategy for high-throughput screening of sulfonamide metabolites in goat meat was proposed based on an aqueous two-phase separation procedure (ATPS) combined with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatog. quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap). Noncovalent interactions including van der Waals force, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic effect were determined to be staple interactions between the sulfonamide metabolites and sheep serum albumin by fluorescence spectroscopy and mol. docking technol., and an 80% acetonitrile-water solution/(NH₄)₂SO₄ was used as ATPS in order to release combined sulfonamide metabolites and minimize the influence of sheep serum albumin. Sulfonamide metabolites in the matrix were screened based on a mechanism of mass natural loss and core structure followed by identification combined with the pharmacokinetic. The developed strategy was validated according to EU standard 2002/657/EC with CCα ranging from 0.07 to 0.98μg kg^-1, accuracy recovery with 84-107%, and RSDs lower than 8.9%. Eighty seven goat meat samples were used for determination of 26 sulfonamides and 8 potential metabolites. On the basis of the established innovative process, this study has successfully implemented the comprehensive detection of sulfonamide metabolites, including N⁴-acetylated substitution, N⁴-hydroxylation, 4-nitroso, azo dimers, oxidized nitro, N⁴ monoglucose conjugation, β-D-glucuronide, and N-4-aminobenzenesulfonyl metabolites, which were shown to undergo oxidation, hydrogenation, sulfation, glucuronidation, glucosylation, and O-aminomethylation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Product Details of 1220-83-3).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.Product Details of 1220-83-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Detection of fluoroquinolone and sulfonamide residues in poultry eggs in Kunming city, southwest China was written by Wang, Rui;Zhang, Chen-Xi;Li, Zhuo-Yang;Zheng, Zhi-Yuan;Xiang, Yi;Liu, Yang;Zhao, Rong-Fang;Fang, Jing. And the article was included in Poultry Science in 2022.Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

Antibiotic residues contained in poultry eggs pose threat to human health. However, the classes and concentrations of antibiotics in poultry egg in southwestern China is unknown due to insufficient monitoring and research. A total of 513 egg samples were collected from supermarkets and farm markets in Kunming city in 2020 and the levels of 7 antibiotics were analyzed using ultra high performance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method. The linear correlation coefficients were above 0.990 for all antibiotics tested. The limits of detection and limits of quantification in poultry eggs were 0.002 to 0.010 μg/g and 0.007 to 0.033 μg/g, resp. The average recoveries of the 7 analytes from poultry egg samples were 80.00 to 128.01%, with relative standard deviations of less than 13.97%. A total of 93 (18.13%) samples tested pos. for antibiotics, with the highest concentration being 2.48 μg/g. The concentration range of ofloxacin, danofloxacin, difloxacin, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, and sulfamethoxazole in poultry eggs was 0.01 to 0.37 μg/g, 0.06 to 0.48 μg/g, 0.05 to 0.29 μg/g, 0.03 to 0.16 μg/g, 0.06 to 1.00 μg/g, 0.05 to 0.37, and 0.07 to 2.48 μg/g, resp. Sulfamonomethoxine was detected from hen eggs with the highest concentration level at 1.00 μg/g. Sulfamethoxazole was detected with the highest concentration level from both duck and quail eggs, at 1.87 and 2.48 μg/g, resp. The antibiotic with the highest residue level in pheasant eggs was danofloxacin, which was 0.37 μg/g. Sulfamethoxypyridazine was identified in 30 samples with the highest pos. rate of 5.85%, sulfadimethoxine was identified in 3 samples with the lowest pos. rate of 0.58%. We observed that 7 targeted antibiotic residues in quail eggs and 3 targeted antibiotic residues in pheasant eggs. We also found that there were antibiotic residues in free-range hen eggs and the concentration was not low. The antibiotic with the highest residue level in free-range eggs was sulfamonomethoxine, which was 1.00 μg/g. These findings suggest that continual antibiotic residue monitoring of poultry eggs is essential in China. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Syntheses with pyrimidine-lithium compounds. III. Bipyrimidines from 2,4-disubstituted 5-bromopyrimidines was written by Strekowski, Lucjan. And the article was included in Bulletin de l’Academie Polonaise des Sciences, Serie des Sciences Chimiques in 1976.HPLC of Formula: 59549-51-8 This article mentions the following:

The bipyrimidines I (R = Me2N, piperidino, and MeO, R1 = MeO; R = MeO, R1 = MeS) were prepared by treating II with BuLi in THF. II (R = R1 = Me3CO) with BuLi in THF gave I and the 4,4′-bipyridine derivatives, but in Et2O gave only I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-2-chloro-4-(methylthio)pyrimidine (cas: 59549-51-8HPLC of Formula: 59549-51-8).

5-Bromo-2-chloro-4-(methylthio)pyrimidine (cas: 59549-51-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.HPLC of Formula: 59549-51-8

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Ab Initio EOM-CCSD Investigation of One-Bond C-C, N-C, and N-N Spin-Spin Coupling Constants in Fluoroazines was written by Del Bene, Janet E.;Alkorta, Ibon;Elguero, Jose. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry A in 2010.Synthetic Route of C4HF3N2 This article mentions the following:

Ab initio EOM-CCSD calculations were carried out to examine one-bond ¹J (C-C), ¹J(N-C), and ¹J(N-N) spin-spin coupling constants in benzene, pyridine, the diazines, and selected triazines, tetrazines, and pentazine and their fluoro-substituted derivatives Relative to benzene, ¹J(C-C) decreases in the azines as N atoms are introduced into the ring, but this decrease does not exceed 5 Hz. In the fluoro-substituted derivatives, ¹J(C-C) may increase only slightly if the coupled carbon atoms form C-H bonds, or increase dramatically if either or both of the coupled atoms participate in C-F bonds. The value of ¹J(C-C) also depends on the nature of the bonding of the coupled atoms in the ring. The largest increase is found when both carbons participate in C-F bonds, and both are ortho to N atoms. Relative to pyridine, ¹J(N-C) increases as N atoms are introduced into the ring, with the magnitude of the increase depending on the bonding of the coupled atoms. It is negligible if neither atom is bonded to another N, increases if one of the coupled atoms is bonded to another N atom, and increases further if both are bonded to other N atoms. Fluoro-substitution has an opposing effect on ¹J(N-C), making this coupling constant less pos. or neg. when the coupled C participates in a C-F bond. The decrease in ¹J(N-C) relative to the parent mol. is enhanced if either of the coupled atoms is bonded to another N atom or to another C-F group. A further enhancement occurs if both coupled atoms are so bonded, with the largest increases associated with the bonding scheme in which the coupled C is bonded to another N and the coupled N to another C-F. Fluoro-substitution has a small effect on ¹J(N-C) if the coupled C forms a C-H bond, and on ¹J(N-N). Thus, the effects of fluoro-substitution on one-bond couplings tend to be localized. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,5,6-Trifluoropyrimidine (cas: 17573-78-3Synthetic Route of C4HF3N2).

4,5,6-Trifluoropyrimidine (cas: 17573-78-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. As nucleotides in DNA and RNA, pyrimidine nucleotide derivatives have a wide range of biological applications. For example, pyrimidine derivatives are useful in DNA repair studies involving cancer and epigenetics.Synthetic Route of C4HF3N2

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Effects of chronic exposure of antibiotics on microbial community structure and functions in hyporheic zone sediments was written by Zhang, Lili;Zhang, Cheng;Lian, Keting;Liu, Chongxuan. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2021.Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:

Microbial communities in hyporheic zones (HZ) provide vital biogeochem. functions such as contaminant degradation for river ecosystems. Antibiotics are contaminants that have been increasingly detected in HZ sediments. In this study, sediments from different HZ locations in a contaminated river, Maozhou river, China were sampled and analyzed using qPCR and high-throughput sequencing to investigate the effect of antibiotic contamination on microbial community structures and functions in HZ sediments. Results indicated that types and concentrations of antibiotics in HZ sediments were heterogeneously distributed that were largely consistent with the distribution of antibiotic sources. Sediments near animal farm and hospital contained higher antibiotic concentrations compared with those from mainstream. The distribution of ARGs was well correlated with antibiotics. Bacterial indicator genera indicating differences between mainstream area and other sampling areas were pos. correlated with antibiotics, suggesting the influences of antibiotics on reshaping microbial community structures. PICRUSt revealed pos. relationships between antibiotics and predicted functional genes involved in defense, signal transduction, and recombination and repair. This imply the defensive response of microbial communities on antibiotic attack. These results indicated that antibiotic contamination in the watershed posed a potential risk on HZ microbial community structures and functions, which may further threaten river ecosystem functions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. Pyrimidine derivatives also play an important role in drug development, either in concert with other compounds or on their own.Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

In Vivo Phenotypic Screening for Treating Chronic Neuropathic Pain: Modification of C2-Arylethynyl Group of Conformationally Constrained A₃ Adenosine Receptor Agonists was written by Tosh, Dilip K.;Finley, Amanda;Paoletta, Silvia;Moss, Steven M.;Gao, Zhan-Guo;Gizewski, Elizabeth T.;Auchampach, John A.;Salvemini, Daniela;Jacobson, Kenneth A.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.Synthetic Route of C6H4N2 This article mentions the following:

(N)-Methanocarba adenosine 5′-methyluronamides containing 2-arylethynyl groups were synthesized as A₃ adenosine receptor (AR) agonists and screened in vivo (po) for reduction of neuropathic pain. A small N⁶-Me group maintained binding affinity, with human > mouse A₃AR and MW < 500 and other favorable physicochem. properties. E_max (maximal efficacy in a mouse chronic constriction injury pain model) of previously characterized A₃AR agonist, 2-(3,4-difluorophenylethynyl)-N⁶-(3-chlorobenzyl) derivative 6a, MRS5698, was surpassed. More efficacious analogs (in vivo) contained the following C2-arylethynyl groups: pyrazin-2-yl 23 (binding K_i, hA₃AR, nM 1.8), fur-2-yl 27 (0.6), thien-2-yl 32 (0.6) and its 5-chloro 33, MRS5980 (0.7) and 5-bromo 34 (0.4) equivalent, and physiol. unstable ferrocene 36, MRS5979 (2.7). 33 and 36 displayed particularly long in vivo duration (>3 h). Selected analogs were docked to an A₃AR homol. model to explore the environment of receptor-bound C2 and N⁶ groups. Various analogs bound with μM affinity at off-target biogenic amine (M₂, 5HT_2A, β₃, 5HT_2B, 5HT_2C, and α_2C) or other receptors. Thus, we have expanded the structural range of orally active A₃AR agonists for chronic pain treatment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Ethynylpyrimidine (cas: 37972-24-0Synthetic Route of C6H4N2).

2-Ethynylpyrimidine (cas: 37972-24-0) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The aromatic compound pyrimidine, and its derivatives, are ubiquitous in nature. They are found in nucleic acids, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, alkaloids, and a variety of toxins. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.Synthetic Route of C6H4N2

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis of pyrimidines and thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines. III. N. M. R. spectrum of thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine was written by Benedek-Vamos, M.;Promel, R.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1969.Safety of 5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

Condensation of H2NCH:NH and EtO2CC(NO2):CHOEt in EtOH-NaOEt gave 4-hydroxy-5-nitropyrimidine, m. 190-2°, which was reduced catalytically (Pd-C) to 5-amino-4-hydroxypyrimidine, m. 206-8°. Subsequent treatment with P2S5 in boiling C5H5N gave a high yield of 5-amino-4-mercaptopyrimidine, m. 207° (decomposition), cyclized by refluxing in DCO2D 35 min. to yield 33% 2-deuteriothiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine (I). Oxidation of 7-hydrazinothiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine with AgOAc in D2O yielded 21% 7-deuteriothiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine (II). I, II, and the parent compound thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine (III) were examined in CDCl3 at 5.9% concentration and the chem. shifts for H-2, H-5, and H-7 tabulated. The proton in the 2-position is most shielded and that in the 7-position is assigned to the low field singlet. Going downfield, the correct order of chem. shifts is H-2, H-5, H-7. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one (cas: 69785-94-0Safety of 5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one).

5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one (cas: 69785-94-0) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.Safety of 5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

MNDO (modified neglect of diatomic overlap) study of the nucleophilic substitution reactions of chloropyrimidines was written by Yukawa, Miho;Niiya, Tokihiro;Goto, Yoshinobu;Sakamoto, Takao;Yoshizawa, Hiroshi;Watanabe, Atsuko;Yamanaka, Hiroshi. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1989.Quality Control of 4-Chloro-2-methoxypyrimidine This article mentions the following:

In the case of the reaction of 2,4-dichloropyrimidines I (R = H, Cl, Me, Ph, MeO₂C) with MeO^–, the replacement reaction of Cl by Me occurs predominantly at the 4-position, whereas the substitution takes place mainly at the 2-position when R = MeO. The effect of the substituent at the 6-position on the reactivity of the chlorine atom of the chloropyrimidines was studied by using a semiempirical MO method (MNDO method). Hence, the reaction process from the reactants to the Meisenheimer-type complex plays an important role in determining the direction of the progress of the reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Chloro-2-methoxypyrimidine (cas: 51421-99-9Quality Control of 4-Chloro-2-methoxypyrimidine).

4-Chloro-2-methoxypyrimidine (cas: 51421-99-9) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. Pyrimidine derivatives also play an important role in drug development, either in concert with other compounds or on their own.Quality Control of 4-Chloro-2-methoxypyrimidine

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On heterocycles, part 43. Polycyclic 2-alken-1-one-guanidine condensates was written by Wendelin, Winfried;Harler, Anton. And the article was included in Monatshefte fuer Chemie in 1976.Category: pyrimidines This article mentions the following:

Guanidine was treated with 1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one to give the dehydropyrimidine I, II (R = Ph), and 2,4,6,8-tetraphenyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine (III). 4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one with guanidine gave 7-methyl-4,5-diphenyl-4,4a,5,6,7,8,10,10a-octahydro-7,10a-methanopyrimido[4,5-d]diazocine-2,9(1H,3H)-diimine (IV) and II (R = Me). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Category: pyrimidines).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia