Pyrimidines

Distribution, abundance, and risk assessment of selected antibiotics in a shallow freshwater body used for drinking water, China was written by Kong, Ming;Bu, Yuan-Qing;Zhang, Qin;Zhang, Sheng-Hu;Xing, Li-Qun;Gao, Zhan-Qi;Bi, Feng-Zhi;Hu, Guan-Jiu. And the article was included in Journal of Environmental Management in 2021.Name: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

With rapid improvements in industrialization and urbanization, antibiotics are now extensively used to prevent and treat human and animal diseases and husbandry and aquaculture. Some research has been conducted to assess the environmental distribution and risk level of antibiotics, but their distribution remains largely uncharacterized. Thus, this study investigated the distribution and abundance of 39 antibiotics belonging to five groups, and their associated risks in surface water around Luoma Lake in the north of Jiangsu province, China. Nineteen antibiotics were detected, at a detection frequency (DF) ranging from 2.27% to 100%. The total antibiotics (ΣABs) concentrations ranged from 34.91 to 825.93 ng/L, with a median concentration of 195.45 ng/L. Among these antibiotics, chlortetracycline (DF: 100%; median: 172.02 ng/L) was the dominant antibiotic, accounting for a median percentage of 91.0% of ΣABs concentrations Spearman rank correlation method found a significant correlation between clindamycin (DF: 72.7%; median: 2.01 ng/L) and lincomycin (DF: 79.5%; median: 4.58 ng/L). The ecol. risk quotient (RQ) values for two out of 44 sampling sites were higher than 1, indicating a high risk; 11.4% of the RQ values fell between 0.1 and 1, indicating a medium risk. Moreover, roxithromycin was found to be the dominant contributor to the ecol. risk, accounting for a median of 79.7% of ΣABs. However, the total non-carcinogenic (<6.54 x 10^-4) and carcinogenic risks (<1.64 x 10^-7) of ΣABs were negligible at the detected concentrations In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Name: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. As nucleotides in DNA and RNA, pyrimidine nucleotide derivatives have a wide range of biological applications. For example, pyrimidine derivatives are useful in DNA repair studies involving cancer and epigenetics.Name: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Bioassay-based identification and removal of target and suspect toxicants in municipal wastewater: Impacts of chemical properties and transformation was written by Liu, Yuan;Li, Faxu;Li, Huizhen;Tong, Yujun;Li, Weizong;Xiong, Jingjing;You, Jing. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2022.Category: pyrimidines This article mentions the following:

Municipal wastewater contains numerous chems. and transformation products with highly diverse physiochem. properties and intrinsic toxicity; thus, it is imperative but challenging to identify major toxicants. Herein, toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) was applied to identify major toxicants in a typical municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Impacts of chem. properties on the removal of contaminants and toxicity at individual treatment stages were also examined The WWTP influent caused 100% death of Daphnia magna and zebrafish embryos, and toxicity characterization suggested that organics, metals, and volatiles all contributed to the toxicity. Toxicity identification based on 189 target and approx. one-thousand suspect chems. showed that toxicity contributions of organic contaminants, metals, and ammonia to D. magna were 77%, 4%, and 19%, resp. Galaxolide, pyrene, phenanthrene, benzo[a]anthracene, fluoranthene, octinoxate, silver, and ammonia were identified as potential toxicants. Comparatively, the detected transformation products elicited lower toxicity than their resp. parent contaminants. In contrast, the analyzed contaminants showed negligible contributions to the toxicity of zebrafish embryos. Removal efficiencies of these toxicants in WWTP were highly related to their hydrophobicity. Diverse transformation and removal efficiencies of contaminants in WWTPs may influence the chem. compositions in effluent and ultimately the risk to aquatic organisms in the receiving waterways. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Category: pyrimidines).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis of new pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives was written by Warczykowska, Iwona;Wojciechowski, Jan. And the article was included in Polish Journal of Chemistry in 1980.Formula: C5H2ClN3 This article mentions the following:

Aminolysis of 2-chloro-4-cyanopyridine (I) gave the nitriles II [R = cyano; R¹ = H, R² = 4-ClC₆H₄, 2-MeOC₆H₄, 4-Me₂NC₆H₄; R¹ = R² = Et; R¹R² = (CH₂CH₂)₂O] which were hydrolyzed with 5% aqueous NaOH to the acids II (R = CO₂H). Treatment of I with NaOMe-MeOH gave the ester III which was hydrolyzed to the acid with aqueous NaOH. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloropyrimidine-4-carbonitrile (cas: 75833-38-4Formula: C5H2ClN3).

2-Chloropyrimidine-4-carbonitrile (cas: 75833-38-4) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.Formula: C5H2ClN3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Identification of potent and selective MTH1 inhibitors was written by Petrocchi, Alessia;Leo, Elisabetta;Reyna, Naphtali J.;Hamilton, Matthew M.;Shi, Xi;Parker, Connor A.;Mseeh, Faika;Bardenhagen, Jennifer P.;Leonard, Paul;Cross, Jason B.;Huang, Sha;Jiang, Yongying;Cardozo, Mario;Draetta, Giulio;Marszalek, Joseph R.;Toniatti, Carlo;Jones, Philip;Lewis, Richard T.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2016.COA of Formula: C5H6ClN3 This article mentions the following:

Structure based design of a novel class of aminopyrimidine MTH1 (MutT homolog 1) inhibitors is described. Optimization led to identification of I, a sub-nanomolar inhibitor of MTH1 with excellent cell permeability and good metabolic stability in microsomes. This compound robustly inhibited MTH1 activity in cells and proved to be an excellent tool for interrogation of the utility of MTH1 inhibition in the context of oncol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 20090-58-8COA of Formula: C5H6ClN3).

4-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 20090-58-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives. As nucleotides in DNA and RNA, pyrimidine nucleotide derivatives have a wide range of biological applications. For example, pyrimidine derivatives are useful in DNA repair studies involving cancer and epigenetics.COA of Formula: C5H6ClN3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis of imidazo[4,5-h]-1,3-diazabiphenylene (lin-benzocyclobutadienopurine), a ring system having a benzocyclobutadieno spacer between the terminal rings of purine was written by D’Alarcao, Marc;Bakthavachalam, Venkatesalu;Leonard, Nelson J.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1985.Application of 4319-77-1 This article mentions the following:

Two distinct syntheses of the pyrimido[6,5-i]imidazo[4,5-g]cinnoline ring system were accomplished. The first of these began with 2-acetamido-4-chloro-5-nitroacetophenone, which was elaborated sequentially by fusion of the imidazole, pyridazine, and pyrimidine rings to provide the tetracyclic system. The second synthesis made use of a Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-5-yl)zinc chloride and 3,4-dinitrobromobenzene, followed by closure of the imidazole and pyridazine rings. The flash vacuum pyrolysis (810-860°, 10^-3 torr) of the unsubstituted tetracyclic compound, pyrimido[4,5-i]imidazo[4,5-g]cinnoline, resulted in the extrusion of N to provide imidazo[4,5-h]-1,3-diazabiphenylene (I), the parent mol. to a new class of linearly extended purine analogs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine (cas: 4319-77-1Application of 4319-77-1).

5-Bromo-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine (cas: 4319-77-1) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Application of 4319-77-1

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Studies in the heterocyclic series. XIII. New CNS-depressants derived from 1,9-diazaphenoxazine and two isomeric triazaphenothiazine ring systems was written by Okafor, Charles O.;Steenberg, Marie L.;Buckley, Joseph P.. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1977.Safety of 5-Bromo-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-amine This article mentions the following:

Triazaphenothiazines I (R = NH2, H, SMe, OMe; R1 = NH2, Me, Cl, OH, OMe) and II (R = H, NH2, Cl; R1 = NH2, OH, Cl; R2 = MeO, Cl) were prepared in 78-93% yield. Reaction of 2-amino-3-mercapto-6-picoline with 2-amino-5-bromo-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine in the presence of H2SO4 and Na2SO3 gave 77% I (R = NH2, R1 = Me). All I and II showed appreciable CNS depressant activities comparable with the activity of chlorpromazine when tested in mice and rats; I (R = H, R1 = NH2) and II (R = R1 = Cl, R2 = MeO) were the most promising. All I and II decreased motor activity and rate of respiration within 30 min and body temperature was decreased by 0.5-1.9° compared to 0.8° with chlorpromazine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-amine (cas: 63931-22-6Safety of 5-Bromo-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-amine).

5-Bromo-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-amine (cas: 63931-22-6) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Safety of 5-Bromo-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-amine

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis and characterization of some pyrimidine compounds was written by Sengar, Ragini;Tyagi, Sushma;Gazal, Umaima;Pathak, Vishal;Verma, Ranu;Pathak, P.. And the article was included in International Journal of Chemical Sciences in 2007.Name: 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine This article mentions the following:

Some pyrimidine compounds have been synthesized via heterocyclization of dibromochalcones. The structures of the prepared compounds were characterized using elementary anal., IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. Fragmentation patterns for these compounds were given. The important IR-bands were assigned to the corresponding groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Name: 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. As nucleotides in DNA and RNA, pyrimidine nucleotide derivatives have a wide range of biological applications. For example, pyrimidine derivatives are useful in DNA repair studies involving cancer and epigenetics.Name: 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Structure-Property Relationships in Click-Derived Donor-Triazole-Acceptor Materials was written by Kautny, Paul;Bader, Dorian;Stoeger, Berthold;Reider, Georg A.;Froehlich, Johannes;Lumpi, Daniel. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2016.Name: 2-Ethynylpyrimidine This article mentions the following:

To shed light on intramol. charge-transfer phenomena in 1,2,3-triazole-linked materials, a series of 1,2,3-triazole-linked push-pull chromophores were prepared and studied exptl. and computationally. Investigated modifications include variation of donor and/or acceptor strength and linker moiety as well as regioisomers. Photophys. characterization of intramol. charge-transfer features revealed ambipolar behavior of the triazole linker, depending on the substitution position. Furthermore, non-centrosym. materials were subjected to second-harmonic generation measurements, which revealed the high nonlinear optical activity of this class of materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Ethynylpyrimidine (cas: 37972-24-0Name: 2-Ethynylpyrimidine).

2-Ethynylpyrimidine (cas: 37972-24-0) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Name: 2-Ethynylpyrimidine

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

An alternative preparation of the 2-dimethylaminomethylene-1,3-bis(dimethylimmonio)propane salt from phosphonoacetic acids and some applications in heterocyclic synthesis was written by Gupton, John T.;Gall, John E.;Riesinger, Steve W.;Smith, Stanton Q.;Bevirt, Kathy M.;Sikorski, James A.;Dahl, Maria L.;Arnold, Zdenek. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1991.Safety of 2-Methoxypyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde This article mentions the following:

An alternative preparation of Me₂N⁺:CHCR:CHNMe₂ . n ClO₄^– (I; R = CHN⁺Me₂; n = 2) from phosphonoacetic acid is described along with its application to the synthesis of 5-formylpyrimidines, e.g., II (R¹ = Me, OMe, SMe, NH₂, NMe₂, NHEt, Ph) and masked 4-formylpyrazoles III (Ar = substituted Ph) via cyclization with RC(NH₂):NH or ArNHNH₂, resp. I (R = H; n = 1), thought to be an intermediate in the preparation of I (R = CHN⁺Me₂; n = 2) was also isolated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Methoxypyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (cas: 90905-32-1Safety of 2-Methoxypyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde).

2-Methoxypyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (cas: 90905-32-1) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.Safety of 2-Methoxypyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Unprecedented Allenylidene Transfer from Chromium to Tungsten was written by Szesni, Normen;Drexler, Matthias;Fischer, Helmut. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2006.Quality Control of 2-Ethynylpyrimidine This article mentions the following:

Pyrimidylallenylidene complexes 1 ([(CO)₅M:C:C:C(NC₃H₃NEt)]; M = Cr (a), W (b)) were prepared in a 1-pot procedure from readily available 2-ethynylpyrimidine, BuLi, [(CO)₅M(THF)], and triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate. In addition to 1a,b, the homobinuclear allenylidene complexes 2a,b ([(CO)₅M:C:C:C(NC₃H₃NEt)M(CO)₅]; M = Cr, W) were formed. In 2a,b the 2nd (CO)₅M moiety is attached to the non-alkylated N atom of the pyrimidyl ring. Treatment of the Cr complex 1a with an excess of [(CO)₅W(THF)] afforded the W allenylidene complex 2b by transmetalation of the allenylidene ligand and addition of (CO)₅W. The allenylidene ligands of other Cr allenylidene complexes [(CO)₅Cr:C:C:C(R¹)R²] could likewise be transferred to W. In contrast, the reverse transmetalation from W to Cr could not be achieved. DFT calculations indicate that the reaction proceeds by an associative rather than a dissociative pathway. The initiating reaction step is coordination of a (CO)₅W fragment to the C_α-C_β bond of the allenylidene ligand. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Ethynylpyrimidine (cas: 37972-24-0Quality Control of 2-Ethynylpyrimidine).

2-Ethynylpyrimidine (cas: 37972-24-0) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The aromatic compound pyrimidine, and its derivatives, are ubiquitous in nature. They are found in nucleic acids, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, alkaloids, and a variety of toxins. Pyrimidine derivatives have been used in a wide variety of pharmaceuticals including general anesthetics, anti-epilepsy medication, anti-malaria medication, drugs for treating high blood pressure, and HIV medication.Quality Control of 2-Ethynylpyrimidine

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia