Category: 4433-40-3

On March 31, 2017, Smith, Karen E.; House, Christopher H.; Dworkin, Jason P.; Callahan, Michael P. published an article.Recommanded Product: 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Spontaneous Oligomerization of Nucleotide Alternatives in Aqueous Solutions. And the article contained the following:

On early Earth, a primitive polymer that could spontaneously form from likely available precursors may have preceded both RNA and DNA as the first genetic material. Here, we report that heated aqueous solutions containing 5-hydroxymethyluracil (HMU) result in oligomers of uracil, heated solutions containing 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (HMC) result in oligomers of cytosine, and heated solutions containing both HMU and HMC result in mixed oligomers of uracil and cytosine. Oligomerization of hydroxymethylated pyrimidines, which may have been abundant on the primitive Earth, might have been important in the development of simple informational polymers. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Recommanded Product: 4433-40-3

The Article related to oligomerization nucleotide uracil cytosine hmu hmc, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, oligomerization, prebiotic chemistry, pyrimidines, General Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids and Their Constituents and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On March 18, 2016, Carson, Spencer; Wilson, James; Aksimentiev, Aleksei; Weigele, Peter R.; Wanunu, Meni published an article.Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was Hydroxymethyluracil modifications enhance the flexibility and hydrophilicity of double-stranded DNA. And the article contained the following:

Oxidation of a DNA thymine to 5-hydroxymethyluracil is one of several recently discovered epigenetic modifications. Here, we report the results of nanopore translocation experiments and mol. dynamics simulations that provide insight into the impact of this modification on the structure and dynamics of DNA. When transported through ultrathin solid-state nanopores, short DNA fragments containing thymine modifications were found to exhibit distinct, reproducible features in their transport characteristics that differentiate them from unmodified mols. Mol. dynamics simulations suggest that 5-hydroxymethyluracil alters the flexibility and hydrophilicity of the DNA mols., which may account for the differences observed in our nanopore translocation experiments The altered physico-chem. properties of DNA produced by the thymine modifications may have implications for recognition and processing of such modifications by regulatory DNA-binding proteins. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to dna hydroxymethyluracil flexibility hydrophilicity nanopore translocation mol dynamics simulation, General Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids and Their Constituents and other aspects.Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On December 31, 2021, Rozalski, Rafal; Gackowski, Daniel; Skalska-Bugala, Aleksandra; Starczak, Marta; Siomek-Gorecka, Agnieszka; Zarakowska, Ewelina; Modrzejewska, Martyna; Dziaman, Tomasz; Szpila, Anna; Linowiecka, Kinga; Guz, Jolanta; Szpotan, Justyna; Gawronski, Maciej; Labejszo, Anna; Gackowska, Lidia; Foksinski, Marek; Olinska, Elwira; Wasilow, Aleksandra; Koltan, Andrzej; Styczynski, Jan; Olinski, Ryszard published an article.Synthetic Route of 4433-40-3 The title of the article was The urinary excretion of epigenetically modified DNA as a marker of pediatric ALL status and chemotherapy response. And the article contained the following:

The active DNA demethylation process may be linked to aberrant methylation and may be involved in leukemogenesis. We investigated the role of epigenetic DNA modifications in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) diagnostics and therapy monitoring. We analyzed the levels of 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5-mdC) oxidation products in the cellular DNA and urine of children with ALL (at diagnosis and during chemotherapy, n = 55) using two-dimensional ultra-performance liquid chromatog. with tandem mass spectrometry (2D UPLC-MS/MS). Moreover, the expression of Ten Eleven Translocation enzymes (TETs) at the mRNA and protein levels was determined Addnl., the ascorbate level in the blood plasma was analyzed. Before treatment, the ALL patients had profoundly higher levels of the analyzed modified DNA in their urine than the controls. After chemotherapy, we observed a statistically significant decrease in active demethylation products in urine, with a final level similar to the level characteristic of healthy children. The level of 5-hmdC in the DNA of the leukocytes in blood of the patient group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Our data suggest that urinary excretion of epigenetic DNA modification may be a marker of pediatric ALL status and a reliable marker of chemotherapy response. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Synthetic Route of 4433-40-3

The Article related to urinary excretion dna marker pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia chemotherapy, Mammalian Pathological Biochemistry: Respiratory Diseases and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On November 30, 2016, Choofong, Surakarn; Cloutier, Pierre; Sanche, Leon; Wagner, J. Richard published an article.SDS of cas: 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Base release and modification in solid-phase DNA exposed to low-energy electrons. And the article contained the following:

Ionization generates a large number of secondary low-energy electrons (LEEs) with a most probable energy of approx. 10 eV, which can break DNA bonds by dissociative electron attachment (DEA) and lead to DNA damage. In this study, we investigated radiation damage to dry DNA induced by X rays (1.5 keV) alone on a glass substrate or X rays combined with extra LEEs (average energy of 5.8 eV) emitted from a tantalum (Ta) substrate under an atm. of N2 and standard ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. The targets included calf-thymus DNA and double-stranded synthetic oligonucleotides. We developed anal. methods to measure the release of non-modified DNA bases from DNA and the formation of several base modifications by LC-MS/MS with isotopic dilution for precise quantification. The results show that the yield of non-modified bases as well as base modifications increase by 20-30% when DNA is deposited on a Ta substrate compared to that on a glass substrate. The order of base release (Gua > Ade > Thy ∼ Cyt) agrees well with several theor. studies indicating that Gua is the most susceptible site toward sugar-phosphate cleavage. The formation of DNA damage by LEEs is explained by DEA leading to the release of non-modified bases involving the initial cleavage of N1-C1′, C3′-O3′ or C5′-O5′ bonds. The yield of base modifications was lower than the release of non-modified bases. The main LEE-induced base modifications include 5,6-dihydrothymine (5,6-dHT), 5,6-dihydrouracil (5-dHU), 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5-HmU) and 5-formyluracil (5-ForU). The formation of base modifications by LEEs can be explained by DEA and cleavage of the C-H bond of the Me group of Thy (giving 5-HmU and 5-ForU) and by secondary reactions of H atoms and hydride anions that are generated by primary LEE reactions followed by subsequent reaction with Cyt and Thy (giving 5,6-dHU and 5,6-dHT). The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).SDS of cas: 4433-40-3

The Article related to ionizing radiation low energy electron base release modification dna, Radiation Biochemistry: Effects On Biochemical Substances and other aspects.SDS of cas: 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On December 18, 2020, Nguyen, Kim; Kubota, Miles; Arco, Jon del; Feng, Chao; Singha, Monika; Beasley, Samantha; Sakr, Jasmine; Gandhi, Sunil P.; Blurton-Jones, Matthew; Fernandez Lucas, Jesus; Spitale, Robert C. published an article.COA of Formula: C5H6N2O3 The title of the article was A Bump-Hole Strategy for Increased Stringency of Cell-Specific Metabolic Labeling of RNA. And the article contained the following:

Profiling RNA expression in a cell-specific manner continues to be a grand challenge in biochem. research. Bioorthogonal nucleosides can be used to track RNA expression; however, these methods currently have limitations due to background and incorporation of analogs into undesired cells. Herein, the authors design and demonstrate that uracil phosphoribosyltransferase can be engineered to match 5-vinyluracil for cell-specific metabolic labeling of RNA with exceptional specificity and stringency. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).COA of Formula: C5H6N2O3

The Article related to rna expression vinyl uracil metabolic labeling, Biochemical Methods: Other (Not Covered At Other Subsections) and other aspects.COA of Formula: C5H6N2O3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On May 31, 2021, Tang, Lei published an article.Recommanded Product: 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Walking through chromatin modifications. And the article contained the following:

The Cell-TALKING technique probes DNA modifications around a histone modification in fixed cells. Chromatin is a highly organized structure composed of repeating DNA-histone complexes decorated with DNA modifications and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). To study the composition of chromatin modifications, Zhao’s lab developed Cell-TALKING, a method that leverages DNA walking to index one-to-many combinations of a histone modification with various DNA modifications within a 10-nm nanoenvironment. In Cell-TALKING, the PTM target site is labeled with a DNA walking probe (WP), and DNA modifications including 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and 5-formyluracil (5fU) are labeled with unique barcoding probes (BPs) that are inactivated with blocked 3′ ends. The researchers applied Cell-TALKING to study the changes in chromatin modifications during the cell cycle and identified combinations of DNA modifications and histone modifications near each other. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Recommanded Product: 4433-40-3

The Article related to cell talking chromatin modification, Biochemical Methods: Other (Not Covered At Other Subsections) and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On February 15, 2017, Nguyen, Kim; Fazio, Michael; Kubota, Miles; Nainar, Sarah; Feng, Chao; Li, Xiang; Atwood, Scott X.; Bredy, Timothy W.; Spitale, Robert C. published an article.Formula: C5H6N2O3 The title of the article was Cell-Selective Bioorthogonal Metabolic Labeling of RNA. And the article contained the following:

Stringent chem. methods to profile RNA expression within discrete cellular populations remains a key challenge in biol. To address this issue, the authors developed a chem.-genetic strategy for metabolic labeling of RNA. Cell-specific labeling of RNA can be profiled and imaged using bioorthogonal chem. The authors anticipate that this platform will provide the community with a much-needed chem. toolset for cell-type specific profiling of cell-specific transcriptomes derived from complex biol. systems. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Formula: C5H6N2O3

The Article related to cell bioorthogonal labeling rna, Biochemical Methods: Other (Not Covered At Other Subsections) and other aspects.Formula: C5H6N2O3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Hao, Yiming; Yuan, Xue; Qian, Peng; Bai, Guanfeng; Wang, Yiqin published an article in 2017, the title of the article was The serum analysis of dampness syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease and chronic renal failure based on the theory of “same syndromes in different diseases”.Application In Synthesis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione And the article contains the following content:

Aim. To analyze the serum metabolites in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) showing dampness syndrome and patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) showing dampness syndrome and to seek the substance that serves as the underlying basis of dampness syndrome in “same syndromes in different diseases.” Methods. Metabolic spectrum by GC-MS was performed using serum samples from 29 patients with CHD showing dampness syndrome and 32 patients with CRF showing dampness syndrome. The principal component anal. and statistical anal. of partial least squares were performed to detect the metabolites with different levels of expression in patientswith CHDand CRF. Furthermore, by comparing the VIP value and data mining inMETLIN and HMDB, we identified the common metabolites in both patient groups. Results. (1) Ten differential metabolites were found in patients with CHD showing dampness syndrome when compared to healthy subjects. Meanwhile, nine differential metabolites were found in patients with CRF showing dampness syndrome when compared to healthy subjects. (2) There were 9 differential metabolites identified when the serum metabolites of the CHD patients with dampness syndrome were compared to those of CRF patients with dampness syndrome.There were 4 common metabolites found in the serums of both patient groups. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Application In Synthesis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to human chd renal failure serum analysis dampness syndrome, Mammalian Pathological Biochemistry: Cardiovascular Diseases and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Fugger, Kasper; Bajrami, Ilirjana; Silva Dos Santos, Mariana; Young, Sarah Jane; Kunzelmann, Simone; Kelly, Geoff; Hewitt, Graeme; Patel, Harshil; Goldstone, Robert; Carell, Thomas; Boulton, Simon J.; MacRae, James; Taylor, Ian A.; West, Stephen C. published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Targeting the nucleotide salvage factor DNPH1 sensitizes BRCA-deficient cells to PARP inhibitors.Product Details of 4433-40-3 And the article contains the following content:

Mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 tumor suppressor genes predispose individuals to breast and ovarian cancer. In the clinic, these cancers are treated with inhibitors that target poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). We show that inhibition of DNPH1, a protein that eliminates cytotoxic nucleotide 5-hydroxymethyl-deoxyuridine (hmdU) monophosphate, potentiates the sensitivity of BRCA-deficient cells to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). Synthetic lethality was mediated by the action of SMUG1 glycosylase on genomic hmdU, leading to PARP trapping, replication fork collapse, DNA break formation, and apoptosis. BRCA1-deficient cells that acquired resistance to PARPi were resensitized by treatment with hmdU and DNPH1 inhibition. Because genomic hmdU is a key determinant of PARPi sensitivity, targeting DNPH1 provides a promising strategy for the hypersensitization of BRCA-deficient cancers to PARPi therapy. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Product Details of 4433-40-3

The Article related to dnph1 brca parp inhibitor sensitizer nucleotide sanitizer smug1, Pharmacology: Effects Of Neoplasm Inhibitors and Cytotoxic Agents and other aspects.Product Details of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On January 1, 2018, Aybastier, Onder; Dawbaa, Sam; Demir, Cevdet published an article.Related Products of 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Investigation of antioxidant ability of grape seeds extract to prevent oxidatively induced DNA damage by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. And the article contained the following:

Phenolic compounds have been studied elaborately for their efficacy to improve health and to protect against a wide variety of diseases. Herein this study, different anal. methods were implemented to evaluate the antioxidant properties of catechin and cyanidin using their standard substances and as they found in the grape seeds extracts Total phenol contents were 107.39 ± 8.94 mg GAE/g dw of grape seeds for grape seed extract (GSE) and 218.32 ± 10.66 mg GAE/g dw of grape seeds for acid-hydrolyzed grape seed extract (AcGSE). The extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD system and the results showed the presence of catechin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and ellagic acid in the processed methanolic extract and cyanidin, gallic acid and ellagic acid in the processed acidified methanolic extract The protective abilities of catechin and cyanidin were tested against the oxidation of DNA. The results showed that cyanidin has better protection of DNA against oxidation than catechin. GSE and AcGSE were revealed to inhibit the oxidatively induced DNA damage. GSE decreased about 57% of damage caused by the Fenton control sample. This study could show new aspects of the antioxidant profiles of cyanidin and catechin. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Related Products of 4433-40-3

The Article related to dna oxidative damage grape seed extract antioxidant, antioxidant, catechin, cyanidin, dna oxidation, gc–ms/ms, grape seed, Food and Feed Chemistry: Fruits, Vegetables, Legumes, and Nuts and other aspects.Related Products of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia