Category: 4433-40-3

On March 31, 2019, Hlusicka, Jiri; Loster, Tomas; Lischkova, Lucie; Vaneckova, Manuela; Diblik, Pavel; Urban, Pavel; Navratil, Tomas; Kacer, Petr; Kacerova, Tereza; Zakharov, Sergey published an article.Product Details of 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Markers of nucleic acids and proteins oxidative damage in acute methanol poisoning. And the article contained the following:

Abstract: The aim of the study is to measure serum concentrations of markers of nucleic acids and proteins oxidative damage in humans to study the dynamics and clin. determinants of oxidative stress caused by acute methanol poisoning. Acute blood serum samples for this study were collected from 28 patients with methanol poisoning and the follow-up samples from 36 survivors of poisoning were collected 2 years after discharge. Serum concentrations of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG), 5-(hydroxymethyl)uracil (5-OHMU), ortho-tyrosine (o-Tyr), nitrotyrosine (NO-Tyr), and chlorotyrosine (Cl-Tyr) were measured by liquid chromatog.-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Acute concentrations of 8-OHdG and o-Tyr were significantly higher than the follow-up concentrations (94.4 ± 6.2 vs. 78.0 ± 10.0 pg cm-3; p = 0.009 and 163.0 ± 11.0 vs. 124.0 ± 17.0 pg cm-3; p < 0.001, correspondingly). Survivors of methanol poisoning had higher acute 8-OHdG and 8-OHG concentrations than those who died (97.3 ± 7.4 vs. 50.0 ± 23.0 pg cm-3; p < 0.001 and 97.9 ± 7.2 vs. 83.7 ± 6.7 pg cm-3; p = 0.047). Acute concentrations of 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, 5-OHMU, and o-Tyr were higher in the patients who survived without health sequelae than in those who survived with visual and CNS sequelae (all p < 0.05). Acute concentrations of markers of proteins and nucleic acids damage correlated with laboratory parameters of acidemia (anion gap) and serum ethanol concentration on admission (both p < 0.05). Acute elevation of the concentration of markers of nucleic acids and proteins oxidative damage in the patients with methanol poisoning suggest that mild-to-moderate oxidative stress may play an important role in the non-specific mechanisms of brain protection against direct neurotoxic effects of formic acid. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Product Details of 4433-40-3

The Article related to forensic biomarker nucleic acid protein oxidative stress methanol poisoning, Toxicology: Forensic Chemistry (Including Analysis) and other aspects.Product Details of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On December 31, 2022, Zhang, Hua; Zhao, Lin; Jiang, Jingjing; Zheng, Jie; Yang, Li; Li, Yanyan; Zhou, Jian; Liu, Tianshu; Xu, Jianmin; Lou, Wenhui; Yang, Weige; Tan, Lijie; Liu, Weiren; Yu, Yiyi; Ji, Meiling; Xu, Yaolin; Lu, Yan; Li, Xiaomu; Liu, Zhen; Tian, Rong; Hu, Cheng; Zhang, Shumang; Hu, Qinsheng; Deng, Yangdong; Ying, Hao; Zhong, Sheng; Zhang, Xingdong; Wang, Yunbing; Wang, Hua; Bai, Jingwei; Li, Xiaoying; Duan, Xiangfeng published an article.Category: pyrimidines The title of the article was Multiplexed nanomaterial-assisted laser desorption/ionization for pan-cancer diagnosis and classification. And the article contained the following:

As cancer is increasingly considered a metabolic disorder, it is postulated that serum metabolite profiling can be a viable approach for detecting the presence of cancer. By multiplexing mass spectrometry fingerprints from two independent nanostructured matrixes through machine learning for highly sensitive detection and high throughput anal., we report a laser desorption/ionization (LDI) mass spectrometry-based liquid biopsy for pan-cancer screening and classification. The Multiplexed Nanomaterial-Assisted LDI for Cancer Identification (MNALCI) is applied in 1,183 individuals that include 233 healthy controls and 950 patients with liver, lung, pancreatic, colorectal, gastric, thyroid cancers from two independent cohorts. MNALCI demonstrates 93% sensitivity at 91% specificity for distinguishing cancers from healthy controls in the internal validation cohort, and 84% sensitivity at 84% specificity in the external validation cohort, with up to eight metabolite biomarkers identified. In addition, across those six different cancers, the overall accuracy for identifying the tumor tissue of origin is 92% in the internal validation cohort and 85% in the external validation cohort. The excellent accuracy and min. sample consumption make the high throughput assay a promising solution for non-invasive cancer diagnosis. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Category: pyrimidines

The Article related to liver lung pancreatic colorectal gastric thyroid cancer diagnosis biomarker, Biochemical Methods: Spectral and Related Methods and other aspects.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On September 30, 2018, Pelclova, Daniela; Navratil, Tomas; Vlckova, Stepanka; Fenclova, Zdenka; Pelcl, Tomas; Kacerova, Tereza; Kacer, Petr published an article.Synthetic Route of 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers reflect systemic changes in patients with chronic dioxin intoxication. And the article contained the following:

Abstract: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is highly toxic and affects the cardiovascular system, brain, and skin by AhR-dependent and other mechanisms, as well as causing metabolic impairments and cancer. The involvement of the respiratory system has not yet been studied. TCDD in the blood was measured and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation were analyzed in 2016 in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of the last eight male survivors (mean age 72.4 years) from 80 workers intoxicated with TCDD during the production of herbicides from 1965 to 1968. The results were compared with their findings in 2010 to evaluate a trend. Malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-trans-nonenale, and 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-isoprostane), in addition to markers of the oxidation of nucleic acids and proteins 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, 5-(hydroxymethyl)uracil, o-tyrosine, and 3-nitrotyrosine, as well as markers of inflammation leukotrienes and anti-inflammatory lipoxins, were analyzed in EBC by liquid chromatog.-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, the patients underwent chest x-ray, spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) examinations The control group included 7 men (66 years) with comparable lifestyle factors. The median plasma TCDD level lowered from 155 (28-553) ng/kg fat in 2010 to 112 (46-390) ng/kg fat in 2016, i.e., 50 years after exposure. The mean TCDD body deposit was 5.0 μg. Serum TCDD level in the pooled sample of the controls was 12 ng/kg fat. All markers of oxidative stress, LTB4 and LTC4, remained overexpressed in patients and anti-inflammatory lipoxins were under-expressed compared to controls (all). The mean FeNO and spirometry results were within the reference values. Borderline x-ray findings and combined lung function impairments were seen in the patients with the lower TCDD plasma levels. Differences in the expression of the biomol. markers in EBC as compared to controls were not associated with lung impairments and the respiratory parameters measured. Therefore, these EBC markers can be used to evaluate systemic oxidative stress and inflammation in tissues and the endovascular, atherosclerotic, neurotoxic, and metabolic effects of TCDD. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Synthetic Route of 4433-40-3

The Article related to dioxin occupational poisoning breath condensate biomarker, Toxicology: Carcinogens, Mutagens, and Teratogens and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On February 12, 2020, Chen, Feng; Xue, Jing; Zhang, Jin; Bai, Min; Yu, Xu; Fan, Chunhai; Zhao, Yongxi published an article.Application In Synthesis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was Differentiated Visualization of Single-Cell 5-Hydroxymethylpyrimidines with Microfluidic Hydrogel Encoding. And the article contained the following:

5-Hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) is found in the genomes of a diverse range of organisms as another kind of 5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine, with the exception of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). The biol. function of 5hmU has not been well explored due to lacking both specific 5hmU recognition and single-cell anal. methods. Here we report differentiated visualization of single-cell 5hmU and 5hmC with microfluidic hydrogel encoding (s.c.5hmU/5hmC-microgel). Single cells and their genomic DNA after cell lysis can be encapsulated in individual agarose microgels. The 5hmU sites are then specifically labeled with thiophosphate for the first time, followed by labeling 5hmC with azide glucose. These labeled bases are each encoded into resp. DNA barcode primers by chem. crosslinking. In situ amplification is triggered for single-mol. fluorescence visualization of single-cell 5hmU and 5hmC. On the basis of the s.c.5hmU/5hmC-microgel, we reveal cell type-specific mol. signatures of these two bases with remarkable single-cell heterogeneity. Utilizing machine learning algorithms to decode four-dimensional signatures of 5hmU/5hmC, we visualize the discrimination of nontumorigenic, carcinoma and highly invasive breast cell lines. This strategy provides a new route to analyze and decode single-cell DNA epigenetic modifications. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Application In Synthesis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to fluorescent imaging cell microfluidic hydrogel, Biochemical Methods: Spectral and Related Methods and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On March 31, 2016, Pelclova, Daniela; Zdimal, Vladimir; Kacer, Petr; Fenclova, Zdenka; Vlckova, Stepanka; Syslova, Kamila; Navratil, Tomas; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Zikova, Nadezda; Barosova, Hana; Turci, Francesco; Komarc, Martin; Pelcl, Tomas; Belacek, Jaroslav; Kukutschova, Jana; Zakharov, Sergey published an article.Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was Oxidative stress markers are elevated in exhaled breath condensate of workers exposed to nanoparticles during iron oxide pigment production. And the article contained the following:

Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were analyzed in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and urine samples of 14 workers (mean age 43 ± 7 years) exposed to iron oxide aerosol for an average of 10 ± 4 years and 14 controls (mean age 39 ± 4 years) by liquid chromatog.-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) after solid-phase extraction Aerosol exposure in the workplace was measured by particle size spectrometers, a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS), and by aerosol concentration monitors, P-TRAK and DustTRAK DRX. Total aerosol concentrations in workplace locations varied greatly in both time and space. The median mass concentration was 0.083 mg m-3 (IQR 0.063-0.133 mg m-3) and the median particle concentration was 66 800 particles cm-3 (IQR 16 900-86 900 particles cm-3). In addition, more than 80% of particles were smaller than 100 nm in diameter Markers of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-trans-hexenale (HHE), 4-hydroxy-trans-nonenale (HNE), 8-isoProstaglandin F2α (8-isoprostane) and aldehydes C6-C12, in addition to markers of nucleic acid oxidation, including 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG), 5-hydroxymethyl uracil (5-OHMeU), and of proteins, such as o-tyrosine (o-Tyr), 3-chlorotyrosine (3-ClTyr), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NOTyr) were analyzed in EBC and urine by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Almost all markers of lipid, nucleic acid and protein oxidation were elevated in the EBC of workers comparing with control subjects. Elevated markers were MDA, HNE, HHE, C6-C10, 8-isoprostane, 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, 5-OHMeU, 3-ClTyr, 3-NOTyr, o-Tyr (all p < 0.001), and C11 (p < 0.05). Only aldehyde C12 and the pH of samples did not differ between groups. Markers in urine were not elevated. These findings suggest the adverse effects of nano iron oxide aerosol exposure and support the utility of oxidative stress biomarkers in EBC. The anal. of urine oxidative stress biomarkers does not support the presence of systemic oxidative stress in iron oxide pigment production workers. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to oxidative stress marker human ebc nanoparticle iron oxide pigment, Air Pollution and Industrial Hygiene: Industrial Hygiene and other aspects.Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On December 31, 2021, Ma, Danyi; Suh, Dong Ho; Zhang, Jiaying; Chao, Yufan; Duttlinger, Alan W.; Johnson, Jay S.; Lee, Choong Hwan; Kim, Yuan H. Brad published an article.Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was Elucidating the involvement of apoptosis in postmortem proteolysis in porcine muscles from two production cycles using metabolomics approach. And the article contained the following:

Apoptosis has been suggested as the first step in the process of conversion of muscle into meat. While a potential role of apoptosis in postmortem proteolysis has been proposed, the underlying mechanisms by which metabolome changes in muscles would influence apoptotic and proteolytic process, leading to meat quality variation, has not been determined Here, apoptotic and proteolytic attributes and metabolomics profiling of longissimus dorsi (LD) and psoas major (PM) muscles in pigs from two different production cycles (July-Jan vs. Apr-Sep) were evaluated. The PM showed higher mitochondrial membrane permeability (MMP), concurrent with less extent of calpain-1 autolysis and troponin T degradation and higher abundance of HSP27 and αβ-crystallin compared to LD (P < 0.05). Apr-Sep muscles showed concurrence of extended apoptosis (indicated by higher MMP), calpain-1 autolysis and troponin T degradation, regardless of muscle effects (P < 0.05). Metabolomics profiling showed Apr-Sep muscles to increase in oxidative stress-related macronutrients, including 6-carbon sugars, some branched-chain AA, and free fatty acids. Antioxidant AA (His and Asp) and ascorbic acid were higher in July-Jan (P < 0.05). The results of the present study suggest that early postmortem apoptosis might be pos. associated with pro-oxidant macronutrients and neg. associated with antioxidant metabolites, consequently affecting meat quality attributes in a muscle-specific manner. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to porcine muscle metabolomic postmortem proteolysis, Food and Feed Chemistry: Meat, Eggs, Fish, and Seafood and other aspects.Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Dvorakova, Zuzana; Renciuk, Daniel; Kejnovska, Iva; kolakova, Petra; Bednarova, Klara; Sagi, Janos; Vorlickova, Michaela published an article in 2018, the title of the article was I-motif of cytosine-rich human telomere DNA fragments containing natural base lesions.COA of Formula: C5H6N2O3 And the article contains the following content:

I-Motif (iM) is a four stranded DNA structure formed by cytosine-rich sequences, which are often present in functionally important parts of the genome such as promoters of genes and telomeres. Using electronic CD and UV absorption spectroscopies and electrophoretic methods, we examined the effect of four naturally occurring DNA base lesions on the folding and stability of the iM formed by the human telomere DNA sequence (C3TAA)3C3T. The results demonstrate that the TAA loop lesions, the apurinic site and 8-oxoadenine substituting for adenine, and the 5-hydroxymethyluracil substituting for thymine only marginally disturb the formation of iM. The presence of uracil, which is formed by enzymic or spontaneous deamination of cytosine, shifts iM formation towards substantially more acidic pH values and simultaneously distinctly reduces iM stability. This effect depends on the position of the damage sites in the sequence. The results have enabled us to formulate addnl. rules for iM formation. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).COA of Formula: C5H6N2O3

The Article related to i motif human telomere dna base pairing lesion substitution, Biochemical Genetics: Gene Structure and Organization and other aspects.COA of Formula: C5H6N2O3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On January 25, 2018, Da, Lin-Tai; Shi, Yi; Ning, Guodong; Yu, Jin published an article.Recommanded Product: 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Dynamics of the excised base release in thymine DNA glycosylase during DNA repair process. And the article contained the following:

Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) initiates base excision repair by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond between the sugar and target base. After catalysis, the release of excised base is a requisite step to terminate the catalytic cycle and liberate the TDG for the following enzymic reactions. However, an atomistic-level understanding of the dynamics of the product release process in TDG remains unknown. Here, by employing mol. dynamics simulations combined with the Markov State Model, we reveal the dynamics of the thymine release after the excision at microseconds timescale and all-atom resolution We identify several key metastable states of the thymine and its dominant releasing pathway. Notably, after replacing the TDG residue Gly142 with tyrosine, the thymine release is delayed compared to the wild-type (wt) TDG, as supported by our potential of mean force (PMF) calculations These findings warrant further exptl. tests to potentially trap the excised base in the active site of TDG after the catalysis, which had been unsuccessful by previous attempts. Finally, we extended our studies to other TDG products, including the uracil, 5hmU, 5fC and 5caC bases in order to compare the product release for different targeting bases in the TDG-DNA complex. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Recommanded Product: 4433-40-3

The Article related to mol dynamics base repair tgd gene dna repair complex, Biochemical Genetics: Gene Structure and Organization and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On December 31, 2019, Yakovlev, Igor A.; Gackowski, Daniel; Abakir, Abdulkadir; Viejo, Marcos; Ruzov, Alexey; Olinski, Ryszard; Starczak, Marta; Fossdal, Carl Gunnar; Krutovsky, Konstantin V. published an article.Electric Literature of 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Mass spectrometry reveals the presence of specific set of epigenetic DNA modifications in the Norway spruce genome. And the article contained the following:

5-Methylcytosine (5mC) is an epigenetic modification involved in regulation of gene expression in metazoans and plants. Iron-(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases can oxidize 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Although these oxidized forms of 5mC may serve as demethylation intermediates or contribute to transcriptional regulation in animals and fungi, exptl. evidence for their presence in plant genomes is ambiguous. Here, employing reversed-phase HPLC coupled with sensitive mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that, unlike 5caC, both 5hmC and 5fC are detectable in non-negligible quantities in the DNA of a conifer, Norway spruce. Remarkably, whereas 5hmC content of spruce DNA is approx. 100-fold lower relative to human colorectal carcinoma cells, the levels of both – 5fC and a thymine base modification, 5-hydroxymethyluracil, are comparable in these systems. We confirmed the presence of modified DNA bases by immunohistochem. in Norway spruce buds based on peroxidase-conjugated antibodies and tyramide signal amplification. Our results reveal the presence of specific range of noncanonical DNA bases in conifer genomes implying potential roles for these modifications in plant development and homeostasis. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Electric Literature of 4433-40-3

The Article related to picea epigenetic dna modification genome mass spectrometry, Plant Biochemistry: Classical Genetics and Phylogeny and other aspects.Electric Literature of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On March 26, 2020, Jeong, Ye Eun Rebecca; Lenz, Stefan A. P.; Wetmore, Stacey D. published an article.Reference of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was DFT Study on the Deglycosylation of Methylated, Oxidized, and Canonical Pyrimidine Nucleosides in Water: Implications for Epigenetic Regulation and DNA Repair. And the article contained the following:

D. functional theory (B3LYP) was used to characterize the kinetics and thermodn. of the (nonenzymic) deglycosylation in water for a variety of 2′-deoxycytidine (dC) and 2′-deoxyuridine (dU) nucleoside derivatives that differ in methylation and subsequent oxidation of the C5 substituent. A range of computational models are considered that combine implicit and explicit solvation of the nucleophile and nucleobase. Regardless of the model implemented, our calculations reveal that the glycosidic bond in dC is inherently more stable than that in dU. Furthermore, C5 methylation of either pyrimidine and subsequent oxidation of the Me group yield overall small changes to the Gibbs reaction energy profiles and thereby preserve lower deglycosylation barriers for the dC compared to those for the dU nucleoside derivatives However, hydrolytic deglycosylation becomes significantly more energetically favorable when 5-methyl-dC (5m-dC) undergoes two or three rounds of oxidation, with the Gibbs energy barrier decreasing and the reaction becoming more exergonic by up to 40 kJ/mol. In fact, two or three oxidation reactions from 5m-dC result in a deglycosylation barrier similar to that for dU, as well as those for the associated C5-methylated (2′-deoxythymidine) and oxidized (5-hydroxymethyl-dU) derivatives These predicted trends in the inherent deglycosylation energetics in water directly correlate with the previously reported activity of thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), which cleaves the glycosidic bond in select dC nucleosides as part of epigenetic regulation and in dU variants as part of DNA repair. Thus, our data suggests that fundamental differences in the intrinsic reactivity of the pyrimidine nucleosides help regulate the function of human enzymes that maintain cellular integrity. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Reference of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to methylated oxidized canonical pyrimidine nucleoside hydrolytic deglycosylation dft, epigenetics dna repair pyrimidine nucleoside hydrolytic deglycosylation dft, General Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids and Their Constituents and other aspects.Reference of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia