Category: 4433-40-3

Romeo, Roberto; Iannazzo, Daniela; Veltri, Lucia; Gabriele, Bartolo; Macchi, Beatrice; Frezza, Caterina; Marino-Merlo, Francesca; Giofre, Salvatore V. published an article in 2019, the title of the article was Pyrimidine 2,4-diones in the design of new HIV RT inhibitors.Recommanded Product: 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione And the article contains the following content:

The pyrimidine nucleus is a versatile core in the development of antiretroviral agents. On this basis, a series of pyrimidine-2,4-diones linked to an isoxazolidine nucleus have been synthesized and tested as nucleoside analogs, endowed with potential anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) activity. Compounds 6a-c, characterized by the presence of an ethereal group at C-3, show HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor activity in the nanomolar range as well as HIV-infection inhibitor activity in the low micromolar with no toxicity. In the same context, compound 7b shows only a negligible inhibition of RT HIV. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Recommanded Product: 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to hiv infection lymphoblastoid cell reverse transcriptase inhibitor pyrimidine, hiv rt inhibitors, pyrimidine-2,4-dione derivatives, biological activity, molecular docking., reverse nucleosides and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On June 5, 2021, Aybastier, Onder; Demir, Cevdet published an article.HPLC of Formula: 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Optimization and validation of ultrasensitive GC-MS/MS method to measure oxidatively induced DNA damage products and role of antioxidants in oxidation mechanism. And the article contained the following:

Oxidation of DNA due to exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major source of DNA damage. ROS induced damage to DNA plays an important role in some diseases such as various cancers, aging and neurodegenerative diseases. The detection of DNA oxidation products plays a major role in assessing the mutagenicity potential of specific exposure. The GC-MS/MS method was developed for the ultrasensitive determination of individual DNA damage products. The validation results revealed that the proposed method was reliable and sensitive. Multiple response surface methodol. (MRSM) was used to optimize derivatization conditions of oxidatively DNA base damage products before GC-MS/MS anal. The optimum derivatization conditions were determined as 40 min for derivatization time, 120°C for derivatization temperature and 1.4 for BSTFA/pyridine ratio under nitrogen atm. The effects of thymol, carvacrol and thymoquinone as antioxidants were investigated on oxidative DNA damage. The determination of the oxidatively induced DNA damage products was performed after adding DNA and antioxidants with different concentrations under oxidative stress. Eighteen DNA base damage products were analyzed simultaneously using GC-MS/MS. This study showed a significant decrease in the amount of DNA base damage products when the antioxidants were present in the medium. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).HPLC of Formula: 4433-40-3

The Article related to dna damage derivatization multiple response surface methodol oxidative stress, dna damage, derivatization, gc–ms/ms, multiple response surface methodology, oxidative stress, validation and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Abakir, Abdulkadir; Ruzov, Alexey published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Detection of Low-Abundance DNA Modifications Using Signal Amplification-Based Immunocytochemistry.Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione And the article contains the following content:

A review. Immunocytochem. can be instrumental in assessing the spatial distribution and relative levels of epigenetic modifications. Although conventional immunostaining has been utilized for the detection of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in animal cells and tissues for several decades, the sensitivity of techniques based on the use of fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies is not always sufficient for studying DNA modifications that are less abundant in DNA compared with 5mC. Here we describe a protocol for sensitive immunocytochem. that utilizes peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies coupled with catalyzed reporter deposition and allows for detection of low-abundance noncanonical bases (e.g., 5-carboxylcytosine, 5caC, 5-formylcytosine, 5fC, 5-hydroxymethyluracil, 5hmU) in mammalian DNA. This method can be employed for evaluation of the levels and nuclear distribution of DNA modifications and permits their colocalization with protein markers in animal cells. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to review dna modification signal amplification immunocytochem, 5-carboxylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, dna (de)methylation, dna modifications, immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, oxi-mcs, signal amplification and other aspects.Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On September 7, 2021, SenGupta, Tanima; Palikaras, Konstantinos; Esbensen, Ying Q.; Konstantinidis, Georgios; Galindo, Francisco Jose Naranjo; Achanta, Kavya; Kassahun, Henok; Stavgiannoudaki, Ioanna; Bohr, Vilhelm A.; Akbari, Mansour; Gaare, Johannes; Tzoulis, Charalampos; Tavernarakis, Nektarios; Nilsen, Hilde published an article.Reference of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was Base excision repair causes age-dependent accumulation of single-stranded DNA breaks that contribute to Parkinson disease pathology. And the article contained the following:

Aging, genomic stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are risk factors for neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Parkinson disease (PD). Although genomic instability is associated with aging and mitochondrial impairment, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that base excision repair generates genomic stress, promoting age-related neurodegeneration in a Caenorhabditis elegans PD model. A physiol. level of NTH-1 DNA glycosylase mediates mitochondrial and nuclear genomic instability, which promote degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in older nematodes. Conversely, NTH-1 deficiency protects against α-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity, maintaining neuronal function with age. This apparent paradox is caused by modulation of mitochondrial transcription in NTH-1-deficient cells, and this modulation activates LMD-3, JNK-1, and SKN-1 and induces mitohormesis. The dependence of neuroprotection on mitochondrial transcription highlights the integration of BER and transcription regulation during physiol. aging. Finally, whole-exome sequencing of genomic DNA from patients with idiopathic PD suggests that base excision repair might modulate susceptibility to PD in humans. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Reference of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to caenorhabditis parkinson disease single stranded dna base excision repair, c. elegans, dna-glycosylase, nth-1, parkinson disease, aging, base excision repair, hydrogen peroxide, mitohormesis, neurodegeneration, oxidative dna damage and other aspects.Reference of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On June 29, 2020, Mattelaer, Henri-Philippe; Van Hool, Anne-Sophie; de Jong, Flip; Van der Auweraer, Mark; Van Meervelt, Luc; Dehaen, Wim; Herdewijn, Piet published an article.SDS of cas: 4433-40-3 The title of the article was New Metal-Free Route towards Imidazole-Substituted Uridine. And the article contained the following:

Nucleosides with a bi(hetero)aryl nucleobase have unique potential applications as antiviral drugs and mol. probes. The need for transition metal catalysis to synthesize these nucleosides from pre-functionalized building blocks and the use of nucleobase protection groups results in expensive and tedious syntheses. Herein we report that 5-imidazolyl-uracil can be obtained by scalable Van Leusen imidazole synthesis and regioselectively introduced on ribose to obtain the desired nucleoside I and II in a 5 step synthesis (total yield 55%). The 5-imidazolyl moiety leads to improved fluorescence properties. The only side-product formed was characterized by 2D-NMR and X-ray crystallog. and could be suppressed during synthesis in favor of the desired product. Testing these newly accessed privileged structures against the current COVID-19 pandemic is currently underway. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).SDS of cas: 4433-40-3

The Article related to van leusen imidazole synthesis nucleoside fluorescence crystal structure vorbruggen, antiviral nucleoside heteroaryl nucleobase imidazolyluracil, fleximers, fluorescent probes, green chemistry, nucleobases, nucleosides and other aspects.SDS of cas: 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Kropinski, Andrew M.; Turner, Dann; Nash, John H. E.; Ackermann, Hans-Wolfgang; Lingohr, Erika J.; Warren, Richard A.; Ehrlich, Kenneth C.; Ehrlich, Melanie published an article in 2018, the title of the article was The sequence of two bacteriophages with hypermodified bases reveals novel phage-host interactions.HPLC of Formula: 4433-40-3 And the article contains the following content:

Bacteriophages SP-15 and ΦW-14 are members of the Myoviridae infecting Bacillus subtilis and Delftia (formerly Pseudomonas) acidovorans, resp. What links them is that in both cases, approx. 50% of the thymine residues are replaced by hypermodified bases. The consequence of this is that the physico-chem. properties of the DNA are radically altered (melting temperature (Tm), buoyant d. and susceptibility to restriction endonucleases). Using 454 pyrosequencing technol., we sequenced the genomes of both viruses. Phage ΦW-14 possesses a 157-kb genome (56.3% GC) specifying 236 proteins, while SP-15 is larger at 222 kb (38.6 mol % G + C) and encodes 318 proteins. In both cases, the phages can be considered genomic singletons since they do not possess BLASTn homologs. While no obvious genes were identified as being responsible for the modified base in ΦW-14, SP-15 contains a cluster of genes obviously involved in carbohydrate metabolism The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).HPLC of Formula: 4433-40-3

The Article related to carbohydrate metabolism myoviridae bacillus delftia, 5-hydroxymethyluracil, 5-hydroxypentyluracil, bacillus, dna sequencing, delftia, sp-15, alpha-putrescinylthymine, bacteriophage, hypermodified bases, φw-14 and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Dahabiyeh, Lina A.; Mujammami, Muhammad; Arafat, Tawfiq; Benabdelkamel, Hicham; Alfadda, Assim A.; Abdel Rahman, Anas M. published an article in 2021, the title of the article was A metabolic pattern in healthy subjects given a single dose of metformin: a metabolomics approach.Electric Literature of 4433-40-3 And the article contains the following content:

Metformin is a widely prescribed medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It possesses effective roles in various disorders, including cancer, dyslipidemia, and obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms of metformin′s multiple benefits are not fully understood. Herein, a mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics approach was used to investigate the metabolic changes associated with the administration of a single dose of metformin in the plasma of 26 healthy subjects at five-time points; pre-dose, before the maximum concentration of metformin (Cmax), Cmax, after Cmax, and 36 h postdose. A total of 111 metabolites involved in various biochem. processes were perturbed, with branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) being the most significantly altered pathway. Addnl., the Pearson similarity test revealed that 63 metabolites showed a change in their levels dependent on metformin level. Out of these 63, the level of 36 metabolites was significantly altered by metformin. Significantly altered metformin-dependent metabolites, including hydroxymethyl uracil, propionic acid, glycerophospholipids, and eicosanoids, pointed to fundamental biochem. processes such as lipid network signaling, energy homeostasis, DNA lesion repair mechanisms, and gut microbiota functions that could be linked to the multiple beneficial roles of metformin. Thus, the distinctive metabolic pattern linked to metformin administration can be used as a metabolic signature to predict the potential effect and mechanism of actions of new chem. entities during drug development. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Electric Literature of 4433-40-3

The Article related to metabolic pattern healthy human single dose metformin metabolomics, branched-chain amino acids, cancer, eicosanoids, glycerophospholipid, mass spectrometry, metabolomics, metformin, type 2 diabetes mellitus and other aspects.Electric Literature of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On September 1, 2017, Kang, Soyeong; Jang, Seok Hyeon; Lee, Juyeol; Kim, Dong-gil; Kim, Mijin; Jeong, Wook; Rhee, Young Ho published an article.Application of 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Pd-Catalyzed Regioselective Asymmetric Addition Reaction of Unprotected Pyrimidines to Alkoxyallene. And the article contained the following:

Catalytic asym. synthesis of N-heterocyclic glycosides free of protecting and directing groups is reported. The key reaction is highlighted by the atom-efficient and regioselective addition of unprotected pyrimidines to highly functionalized alkoxyallene. Numerous acyclic and cyclic N-heterocyclic glycosides are accessed with minimal formation of organic byproducts. The synthetic utility of the reaction is demonstrated by the first catalytic asym. synthesis of anticancer pharmaceutical (-)-Tegafur and stereoselective synthesis of an oxepane nucleoside derivative The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Application of 4433-40-3

The Article related to protecting group free heterocyclic glycoside enantioselective synthesis, regioselective addition unprotected pyrimidine alkoxyallene chiral catalysis, tegafur stereoselective synthesis oxepane nucleoside and other aspects.Application of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Kawasaki, Fumiko; Beraldi, Dario; Hardisty, Robyn E.; McInroy, Gordon R.; van Delft, Pieter; Balasubramanian, Shankar published an article in 2017, the title of the article was Genome-wide mapping of 5-hydroxymethyluracil in the eukaryote parasite Leishmania.Application of 4433-40-3 And the article contains the following content:

Background: 5-Hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) is a thymine base modification found in the genomes of a diverse range of organisms. To explore the functional importance of 5hmU, we develop a method for the genome-wide mapping of 5hmU-modified loci based on a chem. tagging strategy for the hydroxymethyl group. Results: We apply the method to generate genome-wide maps of 5hmU in the parasitic protozoan Leishmania sp. In this genus, another thymine modification, 5-(β-glucopyranosyl) hydroxymethyluracil (base J), plays a key role during transcription. To elucidate the relationship between 5hmU and base J, we also map base J loci by introducing a chem. tagging strategy for the glucopyranoside residue. : bserved 5hmU peaks are highly consistent among tech. replicates, confirming the robustness of the method. 5hmU is enriched in strand switch regions, telomeric regions, and intergenic regions. Over 90% of 5hmU-enriched loci overlapped with base J-enriched loci, which occurs mostly within strand switch regions. We also identify loci comprising 5hmU but not base J, which are enriched with motifs consisting of a stretch of thymine bases. Conclusions: By chem. detecting 5hmU we present a method to provide a genome-wide map of this modification, which will help address the emerging interest in the role of 5hmU. This method will also be applicable to other organisms bearing 5hmU. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Application of 4433-40-3

The Article related to genome wide mapping 5hydroxymethyluracil transcription dna sequencing leishmania, 5-formyluracil (5fu), 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmu), base j, genome-wide mapping, leishmania donovani, leishmania major and other aspects.Application of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Aleidi, Shereen M.; Dahabiyeh, Lina A.; Gu, Xinyun; Al Dubayee, Mohammed; Alshahrani, Awad; Benabdelkamel, Hicham; Mujammami, Muhammad; Li, Liang; Aljada, Ahmad; Abdel Rahman, Anas M. published an article in 2020, the title of the article was Obesity connected metabolic changes in type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin.Related Products of 4433-40-3 And the article contains the following content:

Metformin is widely used in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, it is known to have beneficial effects in many other conditions, including obesity and cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the metabolic effect of metformin in T2DM and its impact on obesity. A mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to analyze samples from two cohorts, including healthy lean and obese control, and lean as well as obese T2DM patients on metformin regimen in the last 6 mo. The results show a clear group separation and sample clustering between the study groups due to both T2DM and metformin administration. Seventy-one metabolites were dysregulated in diabetic obese patients (30 up-regulated and 41 down-regulated), and their levels were unchanged with metformin administration. However, 30 metabolites were dysregulated (21 were up-regulated and 9 were down-regulated) and then restored to obese control levels by metformin administration in obese diabetic patients. Furthermore, in obese diabetic patients, the level of 10 metabolites was dysregulated only after metformin administration. Most of these dysregulated metabolites were dipeptides, aliphatic amino acids, nucleic acid derivatives, and urea cycle components. The metabolic pattern of 62 metabolites was persistent, and their levels were affected by neither T2DM nor metformin in obesity. Interestingly, 9 metabolites were significantly dysregulated between lean and obese cohorts due to T2DM and metformin regardless of the obesity status. These include arginine, citrulline, guanidoacetic acid, proline, alanine, taurine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and 5-hydroxymethyluracil. Understanding the metabolic alterations taking place upon metformin treatment would shed light on possible mol. targets of metformin, especially in conditions like T2DM and obesity. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Related Products of 4433-40-3

The Article related to metformin diabetes mellitus obesity cancer metabolomics metabolic effect, amino acid, t2dm, body mass index-bmi, mass spectrometry-lc-ms/ms, metabolomics, metformin, obesity, type 2 diabete mellitus and other aspects.Related Products of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia