Category: 4433-40-3

On June 5, 2021, Aybastier, Onder; Demir, Cevdet published an article.HPLC of Formula: 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Optimization and validation of ultrasensitive GC-MS/MS method to measure oxidatively induced DNA damage products and role of antioxidants in oxidation mechanism. And the article contained the following:

Oxidation of DNA due to exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major source of DNA damage. ROS induced damage to DNA plays an important role in some diseases such as various cancers, aging and neurodegenerative diseases. The detection of DNA oxidation products plays a major role in assessing the mutagenicity potential of specific exposure. The GC-MS/MS method was developed for the ultrasensitive determination of individual DNA damage products. The validation results revealed that the proposed method was reliable and sensitive. Multiple response surface methodol. (MRSM) was used to optimize derivatization conditions of oxidatively DNA base damage products before GC-MS/MS anal. The optimum derivatization conditions were determined as 40 min for derivatization time, 120°C for derivatization temperature and 1.4 for BSTFA/pyridine ratio under nitrogen atm. The effects of thymol, carvacrol and thymoquinone as antioxidants were investigated on oxidative DNA damage. The determination of the oxidatively induced DNA damage products was performed after adding DNA and antioxidants with different concentrations under oxidative stress. Eighteen DNA base damage products were analyzed simultaneously using GC-MS/MS. This study showed a significant decrease in the amount of DNA base damage products when the antioxidants were present in the medium. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).HPLC of Formula: 4433-40-3

The Article related to dna damage derivatization multiple response surface methodol oxidative stress, dna damage, derivatization, gc–ms/ms, multiple response surface methodology, oxidative stress, validation and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Starczak, Marta; Zarakowska, Ewelina; Modrzejewska, Martyna; Dziaman, Tomasz; Szpila, Anna; Linowiecka, Kinga; Guz, Jolanta; Szpotan, Justyna; Gawronski, Maciej; Labejszo, Anna; Liebert, Ariel; Banaszkiewicz, Zbigniew; Klopocka, Maria; Foksinski, Marek; Gackowski, Daniel; Olinski, Ryszard published an article in 2018, the title of the article was In vivo evidence of ascorbate involvement in the generation of epigenetic DNA modifications in leukocytes from patients with colorectal carcinoma, benign adenoma and inflammatory bowel disease.Application of 4433-40-3 And the article contains the following content:

Background: A characteristic feature of malignant cells, such as colorectal cancer cells, is a profound decrease in the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, a product of 5-methylcytosine oxidation by TET enzymes. Recent studies showed that ascorbate may upregulate the activity of TET enzymes in cultured cells and enhance formation of their products in genomic DNA. Methods: The study included four groups of subjects: healthy controls (n = 79), patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, n = 51), adenomatous polyps (n = 67) and colorectal cancer (n = 136). The list of analyzed parameters included (i) leukocyte levels of epigenetic DNA modifications and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidatively modified DNA, determined by means of isotope-dilution automated online two-dimensional ultra-performance liquid chromatog. with tandem mass spectrometry, (ii) expression of TET mRNA measured with RT-qPCR, and (iii) chromatog.-determined plasma concentrations of retinol, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate. Results: Patients from all groups presented with significantly lower levels of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA than the controls. A similar tendency was also observed for 5-hydroxymethyluracil level. Patients with IBD showed the highest levels of 5-formylcytosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine of all study subjects, and individuals with colorectal cancer presented with the lowest concentrations of ascorbate and retinol. A pos. correlation was observed between plasma concentration of ascorbate and levels of two epigenetic modifications, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethyluracil in leukocyte DNA. Moreover, a significant difference was found in the levels of these modifications in patients whose plasma concentrations of ascorbate were below the lower and above the upper quartile for the control group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that deficiency of ascorbate in the blood may be a marker of its shortage in other tissues, which in turn may correspond to deterioration of DNA methylation-demethylation. These observations may provide a rationale for further research on blood biomarkers of colorectal cancer development. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Application of 4433-40-3

The Article related to ascorbate epigenetics dna modification leukocyte carcinoma inflammatory bowel disease, ascorbate, colon polyp, colorectal cancer, dna demethylation, epigenetic dna modifications, ibd and other aspects.Application of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On July 17, 2020, Gong, Yong; Chen, Lu; Zhang, Wei; Salter, Rhys published an article.Application In Synthesis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was Transglycosylation in the Modification and Isotope Labeling of Pyrimidine Nucleosides. And the article contained the following:

Transglycosylation of pyrimidine nucleosides is demonstrated in a one-pot synthesis of uridine derivatives under microwave irradiation Inductive activation of 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl uridine with a 5-nitro group produces a more-reactive glycosyl donor. Under optimized Vorbruggen conditions, the 5-nitrouridine facilitates a reversible nucleobase exchange with a series of 5-substituted uracils. The protocol is also exemplified in a gram-scale reaction under thermal heating. The strategy provides easy access to isotopically labeled uridine. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Application In Synthesis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to vorbruggen nitrouridine nucleobase thermal heating microwave transglycosylation nucleoside, transglycosylation pyrimidine nucleoside isotope labeling synthesis microwave irradiation and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On May 1, 2021, Chen, Lishi; Deng, Shanbin; Fang, Yuchan; Zhong, Yanmei; Wang, Yandong; Tang, Wenjing; Zhang, Biting; Du, Mengjiao; Chuqin Yu published an article.Synthetic Route of 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Serum metabonomic study of the effects of Huofeitong tablet on rats with COPD. And the article contained the following:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease. The Huofeitong tablet (HFTT), a Chinese compound medicine, exhibits an unambiguous therapeutic effect on COPD. However, the mechanism of its therapeutic effect on COPD is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HFTT on COPD and its mechanism. The changes in pulmonary function and the inflammatory factors in rats were determined via histopathol. and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The mechanism of HFTT in COPD treatment was revealed using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and multivariate statistical anal. Results showed that after HFTT treatment, the lung function began to recover, the lung tissue improved, and the TNF-α and IL-6 levels decreased, suggesting that HFTT had a therapeutic effect on COPD. In addition, 12 potential biomarkers, including malonate, urea-1-carboxylate, pyruvate, L-cysteate, glutathione, 2-deoxy-α-D-ribose1-phosphate, 3-fumarylpyruvate, 3-maleylpyruvate, 2-inosose, urate, allantoin, and inosine were screened. They associated with COPD development and concentrated in glutathione metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, secondly concentrated in pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, citrate cycle, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, inositol phosphate, and purine metabolism This study contributes to the development and application of HFTT in COPD treatment and provides a theor. basis for COPD diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Synthetic Route of 4433-40-3

The Article related to huofeitong antiinflammatory agent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, biomarkers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, huofeitong tablet, metabolism, pathway, uplc-q-tof-ms/ms and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Pelclova, Daniela; Zdimal, Vladimir; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Dvorackova, Stepanka; Komarc, Martin; Ondracek, Jakub; Kostejn, Martin; Kacer, Petr; Vlckova, Stepanka; Fenclova, Zdenka; Popov, Alexey; Lischkova, Lucie; Zakharov, Sergey; Bello, Dhimiter published an article in 2018, the title of the article was Markers of oxidative stress in the exhaled breath condensate of workers handling nanocomposites.Formula: C5H6N2O3 And the article contains the following content:

This study investigated airway oxidative stress status in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Nineteen employees (42.4 ± 11.4 y/o), working in nanocomposites research for 18.0 ± 10.3 years were examined pre-shift and post-shift on a random workday, together with nineteen controls (45.5 ± 11.7 y/o). Panels of oxidative stress biomarkers derived from lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins were analyzed in the EBC. Aerosol exposures were monitored during three major nanoparticle generation operations: smelting and welding (workshop 1) and nanocomposite machining (workshop 2) using a suite of real-time and integrated instruments. Mass concentrations during these operations were 0.120, 1.840, and 0.804 mg/m3, resp. Median particle number concentrations were 4.8 × 104, 1.3 × 105, and 5.4 × 105 particles/cm3, resp. Nanoparticles accounted for 95, 40, and 61%, resp., with prevailing Fe and Mn. All markers of nucleic acid and protein oxidation, malondialdehyde, and aldehydes C6-C13 were elevated, already in the pre-shift samples relative to controls in both workshops. Significant associations were found between working in nanocomposite synthesis and EBC biomarkers. More research is needed to understand the contribution of nanoparticles from nanocomposite processing in inducing oxidative stress, relative to other co-exposures generated during welding, smelting, and secondary oxidation processes, in these workshops. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Formula: C5H6N2O3

The Article related to exhaled breath condensate oxidative stress nanocomposite, exhaled breath condensate, inhalation, nanocomposites, nanoparticles, occupational exposure, oxidative stress, workers and other aspects.Formula: C5H6N2O3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On March 1, 2022, Li, Zhijun; Bao, Haiying published an article.Recommanded Product: 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Anti-tumor effect of Inonotus hispidus petroleum ether extract in H22 tumor-bearing mice and analysis its mechanism by untargeted metabonomic. And the article contained the following:

The mushroom Inonotus hispidus is traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used to treat tumor illness for many years in China. However, the potential anti-tumor mechanisms of I. hispidus remain unclear. This study aimed to reveal the anti-tumor mechanism of I. hispidus petroleum ether extract (IPE) on H22 tumor-bearing mice from the point of view of metabonomics. The model of H22 tumor-bearing mice was constructed according to the histopathol. data and biochem. parameters, while the serum metabolomics was analyzed by non-targeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatog. and high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to study the potential anti-tumor mechanisms of IPE. These results indicated that IPE has significant anti-tumor effect on H22 tumor-bearing mice and no obvious adverse reactions were observed After the intervention of IPE, the biosynthesis of cortisol and corticosterone as the metabolics in the downstream of steroid biosynthesis pathway and the biosynthesis of succinate, fumarate and malate as the metabolics in the downstream of tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway were inhibited; but the metabolic pathways of the amino acids as tryptophan, lysine degradation, alanine, aspartate and glutamate and other amino acid were activated. IPE has significant anti-tumor effect in H22 tumor-bearing mice, and the anti-tumor activity of IPE is main through the regulation of energy, amino acids, and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways expression. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Recommanded Product: 4433-40-3

The Article related to inonotus hepatic carcinoma petroleum ether extract amino acid antitumor, anti-tumor, inonotus hispidus petroleum-ether-extract (ipe), mechanisms, serum metabonomic, uplc-ms/ms and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On December 31, 2016, Modrzejewska, Martyna; Gawronski, Maciej; Skonieczna, Magdalena; Zarakowska, Ewelina; Starczak, Marta; Foksinski, Marek; Rzeszowska-Wolny, Joanna; Gackowski, Daniel; Olinski, Ryszard published an article.Product Details of 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Vitamin C enhances substantially formation of 5-hydroxymethyluracil in cellular DNA. And the article contained the following:

The most plausible mechanism behind active demethylation of 5-methylcytosine involves TET proteins which participate in oxidation of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; the latter is further oxidized to 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxycytosine. 5-Hydroxymethyluracil can be also generated from thymine in a TET-catalyzed process. Ascorbate was previously demonstrated to enhance generation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in cultured cells. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of the above-mentioned TET-mediated oxidation products of 5-methylcytosine and thymine after addition of ascorbate, using an isotope-dilution automated online two-dimensional ultra-performance liquid chromatog. with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Intracellular concentration of ascorbate was determined by means of ultra-performance liquid chromatog. with UV detection. Irresp. of its concentration in culture medium (10-100 μM) and inside the cell, ascorbate stimulated a moderate (2- to 3-fold) albeit persistent (up to 96-h) increase in the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. However, exposure of cells to higher concentrations of ascorbate (100 μM or 1 mM) stimulated a substantial increase in 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxycytosine levels. Moreover, for the first time we demonstrated a spectacular (up to 18.5-fold) increase in 5-hydroxymethyluracil content what, in turn, suggests that TET enzymes contributed to the presence of the modification in cellular DNA. These findings suggest that physiol. concentrations of ascorbate in human serum (10-100 μM) are sufficient to maintain a stable level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in cellular DNA. However, markedly higher concentrations of ascorbate (ca. 100 μM in the cell milieu or ca. 1 mM inside the cell) were needed to obtain a sustained increase in 5-formylcytosine, 5-carboxycytosine and 5-hydroxymethyluracil levels. Such feedback to elevated concentrations of ascorbate may reflect adaptation of the cell to environmental conditions. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Product Details of 4433-40-3

The Article related to vitamin c dna hydroxymethyluracil formylcytosine carboxycytosine hydroxymethyluracil, 5-carboxycytosine, 5-formylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethyluracil, 5-methylcytosine, ascorbate and other aspects.Product Details of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On October 31, 2021, An, Tingting; Chen, Mengxue; Zu, Zhongqi; Chen, Qi; Lu, Hengqian; Yue, Pengxiang; Gao, Xueling published an article.Recommanded Product: 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Untargeted and targeted metabolomics reveal changes in the chemical constituents of instant dark tea during liquid-state fermentation by Eurotium cristatum. And the article contained the following:

Instant green tea powder was used as raw material to prepare an instant dark tea via liquid-state fermentation by Eurotium cristatum. To understand how the chem. constituents present in fermented green tea develop during fermentation, samples were collected on different days during fermentation for qual. analyses by ultra-performance liquid chromatog.-Q Exactive Orbitrap/Mass spectrometry. Untargeted metabolomics analyses revealed that the levels of original secondary metabolites in the instant green tea changed significantly from day 3 to day 5 during fermentation Targeted metabolomics indicated that the levels of galloylated catechins (GCs) and free amino acids (FAAs) significantly decreased, but the nongalloylated catechins (NGCs), alkaloids, thearubigins and theabrownins increased dramatically after fermentation The changes in the contents of catechins, gallic acid and free amino acids in the instant dark tea samples were pos. related to the DPPH radical scavenging activities in vitro, and the phenolic acids and FAAs were pos. related to the inhibitory effects towards α-glucosidase. These results showed that fermentation by Eurotium cristatum is critical to the formation of certain qualities of instant dark tea. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Recommanded Product: 4433-40-3

The Article related to eurotium instant dark tea liquid state fermentation metabolomics, dpph radical scavenging, fermented instant tea, fungal fermentation, metabolome, single fungal culture, α-glucosidase inhibition and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Cavdar, Huseyin; Senturk, Murat; Guney, Murat; Durdagi, Serdar; Kayik, Gulru; Supuran, Claudiu T.; Ekinci, Deniz published an article in 2019, the title of the article was Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase with uracil derivatives: kinetic and computational studies.Quality Control of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione And the article contains the following content:

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors are interesting compounds for different therapeutic applications, among which Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we investigated the inhibition of these cholinesterases with uracil derivatives The mechanism of inhibition of these enzymes was observed to be due to obstruction of the active site entrance by the inhibitors scaffold. Mol. docking and mol. dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated the possible key interactions between the studied ligands and amino acid residues at different regions of the active sites of AChE and BuChE. Being diverse of the classical AChE and BuChE inhibitors, the investigated uracil derivatives may be used as lead mols. for designing new therapeutically effective enzyme inhibitors. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Quality Control of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to acetylcholinesterase butyrylcholinesterase inhibition uracil derivative, alzheimer’s disease, md simulations, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, docking, inhibitor, uracil derivatives and other aspects.Quality Control of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On May 1, 2016, Seiler, Vanessa Kristina; Huetzler, Wilhelm Maximilian; Bolte, Michael published an article.Synthetic Route of 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Eight new crystal structures of 5-(hydroxymethyl)uracil, 5-carboxyuracil and 5-carboxy-2-thiouracil: insights into the hydrogen-bonded networks and the predominant conformations of the C5-bound residues. And the article contained the following:

In order to examine the preferred hydrogen-bonding pattern of various uracil derivatives, namely 5-(hydroxymethyl)uracil, 5-carboxyuracil and 5-carboxy-2-thiouracil, and for a conformational study, crystallizationexperimentsyielded eight different structures: 5-(hydroxymethyl)uracil, C5H6N2O3, (I), 5-carboxyuracil-N,N-dimethylformamide (1/1), C5H4N2O4·C3H7NO, (II), 5-carboxyuracil-dimethyl sulfoxide (1/1), C5H4N2O4·C2H6OS, (III), 5-carboxyuracil-N,N-dimethylacetamide (1/1), C5H4N2O4·C4H9NO, (IV), 5-carboxy-2-thiouracil-N,N-dimethylformamide (1/1), C5H4N2O3S·C3H7NO, (V), 5-carboxy-2-thiouracil-dimethyl sulfoxide (1/1), C5H4N2O3S·C2H6OS, (VI), 5-carboxy-2-thiouracil-1,4-dioxane (2/3), 2C5H4N2O3S·3C6H12O3, (VII), and 5-carboxy-2-thiouracil, C10H8N4O6S2, (VIII). While the six solvated structures, i.e.(II)-(VII), contain intramol.S(6) O-H···O hydrogen-bond motifs between the carboxy and carbonyl groups, the usually favored R22(8) pattern between two carboxy groups is formed in the solvent-free structure, i.e.(VIII). Further R22(8) hydrogen-bond motifs involving either two N-H···O or two N-H···S hydrogen bonds were observedin three crystal structures, namely (I), (IV) and (VIII). In all eight structures, the residue at the ring 5-position shows a coplanar arrangement with respect to the pyrimidine ring which is in agreement with a search of the Cambridge Structural Database for six-membered cyclic compoundscontaininga carboxy group. The search confirmed that coplanarity between the carboxy group and the cyclic residue is strongly favored. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Synthetic Route of 4433-40-3

The Article related to hydroxymethyl carboxyuracil thiouracil carbon residue hydrogen bonding crystal structure, r22(8) patterns, cocrystals, crystal engineering, crystal structure, hydrogen bonds, uracil derivatives and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia