Category: 22536-61-4

Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics, 22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, SMILES is CC1=CN=C(Cl)N=C1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Harutyunyan, A. A., introduce the new discover, Name: 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine.

Novel Pyrimidines with Extended pi-Conjugated Chains

The reactions of benzamidine, 4-methyl-, 4-iso-butoxy-, and 4-butoxybenzamidine hydrochlorides with chalcone and substituted chalcones in alcohol in the presence of KOH yielded 2,4,6-triarylpyrimidines. 4-Phenyl-2,6-bis(4-methylphenyl)pyrimidine and 1,3-bis(4-phenyl-6-{4-[(E)-styryl]phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}benzene) were reacted with (2-chlorophenyl)[(1E)-phenylmethylene]amine in the system KOH/LiH/DMF to give, respectively, 4-phenyl-2,6-bis{4-[(E)-styryl]phenyl}pyrimidine and 1,3-bis(4-phenyl-6-{4-[(E)-styryl]phenyl}pyrimidin-2-yl)benzene.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 22536-61-4 is helpful to your research. Name: 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reference of 22536-61-4, Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. 22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, SMILES is CC1=CN=C(Cl)N=C1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Naik, Mamata Devendra, introduce new discover of the category.

A facile one-pot synthesis of 1H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-ones and evaluation of their Ct-DNA interaction, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity

In this paper, we reported the synthesis of coumarin-pyrimidine derivatives by a four-component reaction involving 4-hydroxycoumarin, aldehyde, thiobarbituric acid and piperidine in ethanol. All the synthesized compounds were well-characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Further, to evaluate the biological potency of the synthesized compounds, initially, DNA cleavage studies were performed. Encouraged by the results obtained from the cleavage studies, the synthesized compounds were screened for in-vitro antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. From the biological activity results, it revealed that most of the synthesized compounds were found to exhibit potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity with least IC50 than compared with standard.

Reference of 22536-61-4, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 22536-61-4 is helpful to your research.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. In an article, author is Kayamori, Kensuke, once mentioned the application of 22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, molecular formula is C5H5ClN2, molecular weight is 128.56, MDL number is MFCD09260903, category is pyrimidines. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, Quality Control of 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine.

DHODH inhibition synergizes with DNA-demethylating agents in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes a rate-limiting step in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. DHODH inhibition has recently been recognized as a potential new approach for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by inducing differentiation. We investigated the efficacy of PTC299, a novel DHODH inhibitor, for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). PTC299 inhibited the proliferation of MDS cell lines, and this was rescued by exogenous uridine, which bypasses de novo pyrimidine synthesis. In contrast to AML cells, PTC299 was inefficient at inhibiting growth and inducing the differentiation of MDS cells, but synergized with hypomethylating agents, such as decitabine, to inhibit the growth of MDS cells. This synergistic effect was confirmed in primary MDS samples. As a single agent, PTC299 prolonged the survival of mice in xenograft models using MDS cell lines, and was more potent in combination with decitabine. Mechanistically, a treatment with PTC299 induced intra-S-phase arrest followed by apoptotic cell death. Of interest, PTC299 enhanced the incorporation of decitabine, an analog of cytidine, into DNA by inhibiting pyrimidine production, thereby enhancing the cytotoxic effects of decitabine. RNA-seq data revealed the marked downregulation of MYC target gene sets with PTC299 exposure. Transfection of MDS cell lines with MYC largely attenuated the growth inhibitory effects of PTC299, suggesting MYC as one of the major targets of PTC299. Our results indicate that the DHODH inhibitor PTC299 suppresses the growth of MDS cells and acts in a synergistic manner with decitabine. This combination therapy may be a new therapeutic option for the treatment of MDS.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, molecular formula is C5H5ClN2, belongs to pyrimidines compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is Wolff, Philippe, once mentioned the new application about 22536-61-4, Formula: C5H5ClN2.

Comparative patterns of modified nucleotides in individual tRNA species from a mesophilic and two thermophilic archaea

To improve and complete our knowledge of archaeal tRNA modification patterns, we have identified and compared the modification pattern (type and location) in tRNAs of three very different archaeal species, Methanococcus maripaludis (a mesophilic methanogen), Pyrococcus furiosus (a hyperthermophile thermococcale), and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (an acidophilic thermophilic sulfolobale). Most abundant isoacceptor tRNAs (79 in total) for each of the 20 amino acids were isolated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by in-gel RNase digestions. The resulting oligonucleotide fragments were separated by nanoLC and their nucleotide content analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Analysis of total modified nucleosides obtained from complete digestion of bulk tRNAs was also performed. Distinct base- and/or ribose-methylations, cytidine acetylations, and thiolated pyrimidines were identified, some at new positions in tRNAs. Novel, some tentatively identified, modifications were also found. The least diversified modification landscape is observed in the mesophilic Methanococcus maripaludis and the most complex one in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Notable observations are the frequent occurrence of ac(4)C nucleotides in thermophilic archaeal tRNAs, the presence of m(7)G at positions 1 and 10 in Pyrococcus furiosus tRNAs, and the use of wyosine derivatives at position 37 of tRNAs, especially those decoding U1- and C1-starting codons. These results complete those already obtained by others with sets of archaeal tRNAs from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii and Haloferax volcanii.

If you¡¯re interested in learning more about 22536-61-4. The above is the message from the blog manager. Formula: C5H5ClN2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

In an article, author is Polunin, Ruslan A., once mentioned the application of 22536-61-4, Safety of 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, molecular formula is C5H5ClN2, molecular weight is 128.56, MDL number is MFCD09260903, category is pyrimidines. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

Versatile Reactivity of Mn-II Complexes in Reactions with N-Donor Heterocycles: Metamorphosis of Labile Homometallic Pivalates vs. Assembling of Endurable Heterometallic Acetates

Reaction of 2,2 ‘-bipyridine (2,2 ‘-bipy) or 1,10-phenantroline (phen) with [Mn(Piv)(2)(EtOH)](n) led to the formation of binuclear complexes [Mn-2(Piv)(4)L-2] (L = 2,2 ‘-bipy (1), phen (2); Piv(-) is the anion of pivalic acid). Oxidation of 1 or 2 by air oxygen resulted in the formation of tetranuclear Mn-II/III complexes [Mn4O2(Piv)(6)L-2] (L = 2,2 ‘-bipy (3), phen (4)). The hexanuclear complex [Mn-6(OH)(2)(Piv)(10)(pym)(4)] (5) was formed in the reaction of [Mn(Piv)(2)(EtOH)](n) with pyrimidine (pym), while oxidation of 5 produced the coordination polymer [Mn6O2(Piv)(10)(pym)(2)](n) (6). Use of pyrazine (pz) instead of pyrimidine led to the 2D-coordination polymer [Mn-4(OH)(Piv)(7)(mu(2)-pz)(2)](n) (7). Interaction of [Mn(Piv)(2)(EtOH)](n) with FeCl3 resulted in the formation of the hexanuclear complex [(Mn4Fe2O2)-Fe-II-O-III(Piv)(10)(MeCN)(2)(HPiv)(2)] (8). The reactions of [MnFe2O(OAc)(6)(H2O)(3)] with 4,4 ‘-bipyridine (4,4 ‘-bipy) or trans-1,2-(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) led to the formation of 1D-polymers [MnFe2O(OAc)(6)L-2](n)center dot 2nDMF, where L = 4,4 ‘-bipy (9Greek ano teleia2DMF), bpe (10Greek ano teleia2DMF) and [MnFe2O(OAc)(6)(bpe)(DMF)](n)center dot 3.5nDMF (11 center dot 3.5DMF). All complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Desolvation of 11 center dot 3.5DMF led to a collapse of the porous crystal lattice that was confirmed by PXRD and N-2 sorption measurements, while alcohol adsorption led to porous structure restoration. Weak antiferromagnetic exchange was found in the case of binuclear Mn-II complexes (J(Mn-Mn) = -1.03 cm(-1) for 1 and 2). According to magnetic data analysis (J(Mn-Mn) = -(2.69 divided by 0.42) cm(-1)) and DFT calculations (J(Mn-Mn) = -(6.9 divided by 0.9) cm(-1)) weak antiferromagnetic coupling between Mn-II ions also occurred in the tetranuclear {Mn-4(OH)(Piv)(7)} unit of the 2D polymer 7. In contrast, strong antiferromagnetic coupling was found in oxo-bridged trinuclear fragment {MnFe2O(OAc)(6)} in 11 center dot 3.5DMF (J(Fe-Fe) = -57.8 cm(-1), J(Fe-Mn) = -20.12 cm(-1)).

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. Application In Synthesis of 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, 22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, SMILES is CC1=CN=C(Cl)N=C1, in an article , author is Clare, Constance E., once mentioned of 22536-61-4.

Interspecific Variation in One-Carbon Metabolism within the Ovarian Follicle, Oocyte, and Preimplantation Embryo: Consequences for Epigenetic Programming of DNA Methylation

One-carbon (1C) metabolism provides methyl groups for the synthesis and/or methylation of purines and pyrimidines, biogenic amines, proteins, and phospholipids. Our understanding of how 1C pathways operate, however, pertains mostly to the (rat) liver. Here we report that transcripts for all bar two genes (i.e., BHMT, MAT1A) encoding enzymes in the linked methionine-folate cycles are expressed in all cell types within the ovarian follicle, oocyte, and blastocyst in the cow, sheep, and pig; as well as in rat granulosa cells (GCs) and human KGN cells (a granulosa-like tumor cell line). Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) protein was absent in bovine theca and GCs, as was activity of this enzyme in GCs. Mathematical modeling predicted that absence of this enzyme would lead to more volatile S-adenosylmethionine-mediated transmethylation in response to 1C substrate (e.g., methionine) or cofactor provision. We tested the sensitivity of bovine GCs to reduced methionine (from 50 to 10 mu M) and observed a diminished flux of 1C units through the methionine cycle. We then used reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing to demonstrate that this reduction in methionine during bovine embryo culture leads to genome-wide alterations to DNA methylation in >1600 genes, including a cohort of imprinted genes linked to an abnormal fetal-overgrowth phenotype. Bovine ovarian and embryonic cells are acutely sensitive to methionine, but further experimentation is required to determine the significance of interspecific variation in BHMT expression.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 22536-61-4, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Application In Synthesis of 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. , Safety of 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, 22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, molecular formula is C5H5ClN2, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Chai, Yingying, introduce the new discover.

The 2-Amino Group of 8-Aza-7-deaza-7-bromopurine-2,6-diamine and Purine-2,6-diamine as Stabilizer for the Adenine-Thymine Base Pair in Heterochiral DNA with Strands in Anomeric Configuration

Stabilization of DNA is beneficial for many applications in the fields of DNA therapeutics, diagnostics, and materials science. Now, this phenomenon is studied on heterochiral DNA, an autonomous DNA recognition system with complementary strands in alpha-D and beta-D configuration showing parallel strand orientation. The 12-mer heterochiral duplexes were constructed from anomeric (alpha/beta-D) oligonucleotide single-strands. Purine-2,6-diamine and 8-aza-7-deaza-7-bromopurine-2,6-diamine 2 ‘-deoxyribonucleosides having the capability to form tridentate base pairs with dT were used to strengthen the stability of the dA-dT base pair. T-m data and thermodynamic values obtained from UV melting profiles indicated that the 8-aza-7-deaza 2 ‘-deoxyribonucleoside decorated with a bromo substituent is so far the most efficient stabilizer for heterochiral DNA. Compared with that, the stabilizing effect of the purine-2,6-diamine 2 ‘-deoxyribonucleoside is low. Global changes of helix structures were identified by circular dichroism (CD) spectra during melting.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 22536-61-4. Safety of 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, molecular formula is C5H5ClN2, Name: 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, belongs to pyrimidines compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is Kumar, Shubham, once mentioned the new application about 22536-61-4.

Recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) is an enzyme and a very omnipresent zinc metalloenzyme which catalyzed the reversible hydration and dehydration of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate; a reaction which plays a crucial role in many physiological and pathological processes. Carbonic anhydrase is present in human (h) with sixteen different isoforms ranging from hCA I-hCA XV. All these isoforms are widely distributed in different tissues/organs and are associated with a range of pivotal physiological activities. Due to their involvement in various physiological roles, inhibitors of different human isoforms of carbonic anhydrase have found clinical applications for the treatment of various diseases including glaucoma, retinopathy, hemolytic anemia, epilepsy, obesity, and cancer. However, clinically used inhibitors of CA (acetazolamide, brinzolamide, dorzolamide, etc.) are not selective causing the undesirable side effects. One of the major hurdles in the design and development of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is the lack of balanced isoform selectivity which thrived to new chemotypes. In this review, we have compiled the recent strategies of various researchers related to the development of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors belonging to different structural classes like pyrimidine, pyrazoline, selenourea, isatin, indole, etc. This review also summarizes the structure-activity relationships, analysis of isoform selectivity including mechanistic and in silico studies to afford ideas and to provide focused direction for the design and development of novel isoform-selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with therapeutic implications. (C) 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

We¡¯ll also look at important developments in the pharmaceutical industry because understanding organic chemistry is important in understanding health, medicine, 22536-61-4. The above is the message from the blog manager. Name: 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

As we all know, there are many different methods for the synthesis of a compound, and people can choose the synthesis method that suits their own laboratory according to the actual situation. 22536-61-4, name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, molecular formula is C5H5ClN2, The compound is widely used in many fields, so it is necessary to find a new synthetic route. The downstream synthesis method of this compound is introduced below. category: pyrimidines

In a sealed glass tube a suspension of l-cyclopropyl-6-(lH-imidazol-5-yl)-3,3-dimethylindolin- 2-one (example 71a, 70 mg), 2-chloro-5-methylpyrimidine (37.0 mg) and cesium carbonate (158 mg) in acetonitrile (1.05 ml) was heated to 120 C for 30 minutes under microwave irradiation. Then again 18 mg 2-chloro-5-methylpyrimidine and 89 mg cesium carbonate were added and the reaction mixture heated to 120C under conventional heating for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, gradient, 0% to 100% EtOAc in n-heptane). The title compound was obtained as off white solid (75 mg, 80%). MS (ESI, m/z): 360.2 [(M+H)+].

With the rapid development of chemical substances, we look forward to future research findings about 22536-61-4.

Reference:
Patent; F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE AG; HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE INC.; HILPERT, Hans; KOLCZEWSKI, Sabine; LIMBERG, Anja; STOLL, Theodor; WO2015/177110; (2015); A1;,
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthetic Route of 22536-61-4, Researchers who often do experiments know that organic synthesis is a process of preparing more complex target molecules from simple raw materials through one or more chemical reactions. Generally, it requires fewer steps,and cheap raw materials. 22536-61-4, name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine. A new synthetic method of this compound is introduced below.

A 40 mL pressure vial was charged with Example 29.4 (71 mg, 0.16 mmol) which was then dissolved in DMSO (1.6 mL). To that solution was added 2-chloro-5-methylpyrimidine (83 muL, 0.80 mmol) followed by Hunig’s base (277 muL, 1.59 mmol). The vial was sealed and placed into a reaction block preheated to 100 ¡ãC. After 4 h, the reaction was cooled to RT and diluted with DCM and water. The contents of the vial were transferred into a separatory funnel and the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with water (x3). The aqueous layer was analyzed for product and showed a large presence of product. The aqueous layer was re-extracted using 3:1 EtOAc/EtOH (x3). The combined organic layers were dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced and purified by flash chromatography: Redi-Sep Rf Gold 12g – CV = 16.8mL, eluting with EtOAc:EtOH 3:1 (v/v) in DCM 0percent (2 CV), 0-40percent (15 CV), 40percent (5 CV) to provide Example 29.5 (54 mg, 0.10 mmol, 63 percent yield) as an orange solid. LCMS-ESI (pos.) m/z: 538.2 (M+H)+.

These compound has a wide range of applications. It is believed that with the continuous development of the source of the synthetic route,22536-61-4, its application will become more common.

Reference:
Patent; AMGEN INC.; CHEN, Ning; CHEN, Yinhong; DEBENEDETTO, Mikkel V.; DRANSFIELD, Paul John; HARVEY, James S.; HEATH, Julie Anne; HOUZE, Jonathan; KHAKOO, Aarif Yusuf; LAI, Su-Jen; MA, Zhihua; NISHIMURA, Nobuko; PATTAROPONG, Vatee; SWAMINATH, Gayathri; YEH, Wen-Chen; KREIMAN, Charles; (308 pag.)WO2018/93579; (2018); A1;,
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia