Category: 22536-61-4

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, formurla is C5H5ClN2. In a document, author is Kumagai, Shinji, introducing its new discovery. SDS of cas: 22536-61-4.

Synthesis and properties of GuNA purine/pyrimidine nucleosides and oligonucleotides

We recently designed guanidine-bridged nucleic acids (GuNA), and GuNA bearing a thymine (T) nucleobase was synthesized and successfully incorporated into oligonucleotides. The GuNA-T-modified oligonucleotides possessed high duplex-forming ability towards their complementary single-stranded RNAs and were highly stable against 3 ‘ -exonuclease. Therefore, GuNA is a promissing artificial nucleic acid for therapeutic antisense oligonucleotides. We herein report the facile synthesis of GuNA phosphoramidites bearing adenine (A), guanine (G), and 5-methylcytosine (C-m) nucleobases and a robust method for the preparation of GuNA-modified oligonucleotides, even with sequences having acid-sensitive purine nucleobases. Oligonucleotides modified with GuNA-A, -G, or -C-m possessed high duplex-forming ability, similar to those modified with GuNA-T. Moreover, some of the GuNA-modified oligonucleotides were revealed to have high base discriminating ability compared with that of their natural counterparts. GuNA nucleosides exhibited no genotoxicity in bacterial reverse mutation assays. Thus, all GuNAs (GuNA-T, -A, -G, and -C-m) are now available to be examined in therapeutic applications.

I hope this article can help some friends in scientific research. I am very proud of our efforts over the past few months and hope to 22536-61-4 help many people in the next few years. SDS of cas: 22536-61-4.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, formurla is C5H5ClN2. In a document, author is Xu, Pengtao, introducing its new discovery. SDS of cas: 22536-61-4.

Region-specific metabolic characterization of the type 1 diabetic brain in mice with and without cognitive impairment

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been reported to cause cognitive decline, but brain metabolic changes during this process are still far from being fully understood. Here, we found that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice exhibited impaired learning and memory at 11 weeks after STZ treatment but not at 3 weeks. Therefore, we studied metabolic alterations in six different brain regions of T1D mice with and without cognitive decline, and attempted to identify key metabolic pathways related to diabetic cognitive dysfunction. The results demonstrate that lactate had already increased in all brain regions of T1D mice prior to cognitive decline, but a decreased TCA cycle was only observed in hippocampus, cortex and striatum of T1D mice with cognitive impairment. Reduced N-acetylaspartate and choline were found in all brain regions of T1D mice, irrespective of cognitive decline. In addition, disrupted neurotransmitter metabolism was noted to occur in T1D mice before cognitive deficit. Of note, we found that the level of uridine was significantly reduced in cerebellum, cortex, hypothalamus and midbrain of T1D mice when cognitive decline was presented. Therefore, brain region-specific metabolic alterations may comprise possible biomarkers for the early-diagnosis and monitoring of diabetic cognitive decline. Moreover, down-regulated TCA cycle and pyrimidine metabolism could be closely related to T1D-associated cognitive impairment.

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reference of 22536-61-4, Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. 22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, SMILES is CC1=CN=C(Cl)N=C1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Zhao, Li, introduce new discover of the category.

Theoretical studies of the ultrafast deactivation mechanism of 8-oxo-guanine on the S-1 and S-2 electronic states in gas phase

The 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine is the most abundant specie of the DNA oxidative damage. Despite the deleterious effects such as gene mutation it may cause, the 8-oxodG was also reported to have beneficial effect such as repairing the nearby cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) after photoexcitation. Due to its strong biological relevance, the photoinduced excited state dynamics behavior of 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine is of particular interest. In this work, a theoretical investigation by combination of complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) ab initio calculations and on-the-fly nonadiabatic dynamics simulations are implemented to provide intrinsic deactivation mechanism of its free base 8-oxoguanine after being excited to the S-1 and S-2 states. Two minimum energy conical intersections (MECIs) characterized by the C3-puckered motion with attractive chiral character are located, which contribute appreciably to the S-1 state deactivation process. When the system is being excited to the S-2 state directly, a S-2 -> S-1 -> S-0 two-step decay pattern is proposed. A nearly planar S-2/S-1 intersection plays a significant role in the S-2 -> S-1 decay process. The subsequent S-1 state relaxation process is also dominated by the C3-puckered deformation motion. One decay time is estimated to be 704 fs, which compareswellwith the experimental observation of 0.9 +/- 0.1 ps in solvents. Particular illustration is the fact that the MECIs configurations we located bear an exceptional resemblance with previous reported thymine, cytosine and guanine, suggesting that the current work could lend support for better understanding of the non-natural nucleobases and derivatives. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Reference of 22536-61-4, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 22536-61-4.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reactions catalyzed within inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, 22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, SMILES is CC1=CN=C(Cl)N=C1, in an article , author is Li, Chun, once mentioned of 22536-61-4, Recommanded Product: 22536-61-4.

Identification of key modules and hub genes in glioblastoma multiforme based on co-expression network analysis

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary tumour in the central nervous system, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain unclear. In this study, data set was used to construct a co-expression network for weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Two modules (dubbed brown and turquoise) were found to have the strongest correlation with GBM. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the brown module was involved in the cell cycle, DNA replication, and pyrimidine metabolism. The turquoise module was primarily related to circadian rhythm entrainment, glutamatergic synapses, and axonal guidance. Hub genes were screened by survival analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Human Protein Atlas databases and further tested using the and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis databases. The eight hub genes (NUSAP1, SHCBP1, KNL1, SULT4A1, SLC12A5, NUF2, NAPB, and GARNL3) were verified at both the transcriptional and translational levels, and these gene expression levels were significant based on the World Health Organization classification system. These hub genes may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the accurate diagnosis and management of GBM.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 22536-61-4, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Recommanded Product: 22536-61-4.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reactions catalyzed within inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, 22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, SMILES is CC1=CN=C(Cl)N=C1, in an article , author is Cheng, Zhanjun, once mentioned of 22536-61-4, Product Details of 22536-61-4.

Transformation of nitrogen, sulfur and chlorine during waste tire pyrolysis

The transformation of N/S/Cl during pyrolysis of waste tire were investigated by Thermogravimetry-Mass Spectrum (TG-MS) and flow tube furnace reactor. The pyrolysis of waste tire included four stages, i.e., dehydration below 200 degrees C, decomposition of tire additives at 200-300 degrees C, degradation of natural rubber at 300-420 square, and cracking of synthetic rubber at 420-500 degrees C. The activation energy E alpha were calculated according to the Coats-Redfern integral method, ca. 154.72-158.23 and 200.46-231.58 kJ/mol for degradation of natural rubber and synthetic rubber, respectively. Most of nitrogen (60.32-67.78 wt.%), sulfur (56.73-62.38 wt.%), and chlorine (58.60-64.92 wt.%) were remained in the pyrolytic char. For the pyrolytic oil composition, expect for alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and oxygenates, the S-containing disulfide and sulfurous acid ester, N-containing quinoline and pyrimidine diamine, and Cl-containing silane, dichlorododecylmethylwere detected. The nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine in pyrolytic gas had diverse types. The N-containing pollutants mainly derived from inorganic ammonium and heterocyclic-N. NH3 had a wide releasing temperature range, while NO, HCN, and HNCO were mainly generated at 300-600 degrees C. The C-S and -SH radicals mainly contributed to S containing pollutants, i.e., H2S, COS, CS2, SO2, CH3SH, and C6H5SH. The Cl-containing pollutants exhibited dominant release within the temperature range of 300-600 degrees C. Overall, higher heating rate promoted gas emissions, especially for NO, HCN, CH3SH, and HCl. This article provides basic knowledge on hazardous N/S/Cl transformation in solid char, liquid oil, and gas during pyrolysis of waste tire that will provide valuable information for future control technologies of pollutants emission.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, SMILES is CC1=CN=C(Cl)N=C1, in an article , author is Masoud, Mamdouh Saad, once mentioned of 22536-61-4, Category: pyrimidines.

Synthesis, characterization, coordination chemistry and biological activity of some pyrimidine complexes

A group of biologically active ligands: 5-(2hydroxyphenylide) barbituric acid (L-1), 5-(phenyl azo) thio-barbituric acid (L-2) and 5-(phenyl azo) barbituric acid (L-3) and its complexes with Os(VIII), Ru(III),Zr(IV) and V(III) ions were synthesized. The chemical structures of these compounds were fully identified using MALDI-TOF, FT-IR,H-1 NMR, TGA and DSC techniques, magnetic susceptibility measurements helped to determine the exact geometry of the complexes under study. The dissociation constants of the ligands were evaluated by analyzing their electronic absorption spectra at different pH’s. All the compounds were tested for its anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.The collected data showed that some of the compounds can be used as drugs for the treatment of breast cancer (MCF-7 cancer cells) and as potent antibiotics for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species including: Staphelo-coccus Epidermisis, Escherishia Coli,Staphyllococcus Auresis and Salmonilla and the fungal species: Candida Albicans. The DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of the compounds showed that most of the compounds can be used as good antioxidant agents. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Interested yet? Read on for other articles about 22536-61-4, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Category: pyrimidines.

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry is an experimental science, Recommanded Product: 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, molecular formula is C5H5ClN2, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Xia, Jun.

Synthesis, Structures and Properties of Two Ln(III) Coordination Polymers based on Pyrimidine-2-carboxylic Acid and Sodium Dicyanamide

Assemblies of pyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid (Hpmc) and samarium nitrate or europium nitrate in the presence of sodium dicyanamide (Na-dca) under ambient conditions yielded two new coordination polymers, namely [Ln(pmc)(2)(dca)(H2O)(2)](n) (Ln=Sm (1), Eu (2)). The complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis, IR and fluorescence spectra. Structure analysis shows two complexes are isostructural with monoclinic (C2/c) symmetry. And each central metal atom is coordinated by three chelate pmc(-), one terminal dca(-) and two water molecules to generate an infinite zigzag chain. Through O-water-H… O-carboxylate, O-water-H…N-pyrimidine hydrogen bonds, the chains are connected to a two-dimensional net, which is furtherly extended to a three-dimensional supramolecular structure by O-water-H… N-cyano hydrogen bonds. Luminescent measurement of complex 2 shows the characteristic fluorescence of Eu3+.

Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data. If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 22536-61-4, in my other articles. Recommanded Product: 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reference of 22536-61-4, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, SMILES is CC1=CN=C(Cl)N=C1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Litvinov, R. A., introduce new discover of the category.

Prediction of Antiglycation Activity by Calculating the Energies of Frontier Molecular Orbitals for New 4-Hydroxy-1,4-Dihydroazolo[5,1-c]-1,2,4-Triazines Used as an Example

Protein glycation and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) complications, neurodegenerations, and age-related diseases. A model to predict antiglycation activity can reduce the costs and increase the productivity and quality of preclinical screening studies of new compounds. Azolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines and azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are well known as biologically active compounds, which additionally have antiglycation properties. A number of 4-hydroxy-4H-azolo-1,4-dihydro[5.1-c]-1,2,4-triazines were selected for designing a prediction model. Azolotriazine derivatives were found to exert an antiglycation effect, inhibiting glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with glucose and specific END fluorescence with equal or greater efficiency as compared with aminoguanidine. The activity range at 1000 mu M was estimated at 23.0-71.6% for variously substituted derivatives (30.3 +/- 1.2% for aminoguanidine). The highest activity was observed for 4-hydroxy-3-cyano-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazolo[5.1-c]1,2,4-triazine. In all but one compound (aminoguanidine), antiglycation activity correlated with the energy difference increment ((HOMO – LUMO)) between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO); the difference was established by a PM3 semiempirical method. Artificial neural network modeling was used to develop a mathematical model that describes the dependence of antiglycation activity on the calculated energies. The E-LUMO and increment ((HOMO – LUMO)) energies were found to make the largest contribution to the activity. The model can be used to predict antiglycation activity.

Reference of 22536-61-4, Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about 22536-61-4.

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

In an article, author is Luo, Guolin, once mentioned the application of 22536-61-4, Recommanded Product: 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, molecular formula is C5H5ClN2, molecular weight is 128.56, MDL number is MFCD09260903, category is pyrimidines. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

Design, synthesis and antitumor evaluation of novel 5-methylpyrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine derivatives as potential c-Met inhibitors

A series of novel 5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives (10a-10x) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activities against c-Met kinase and antiproliferative activities against the SH-SY5Y, MDA-MB-231, A549, and HepG2 cell lines. Most of the compounds remarkably inhibited c-Met kinase and showed moderate to good cytotoxicity and selectivity toward the four cancer cell lines. Among them, compounds 10b and 10f were the two most potent selective c-Met inhibitors with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 5.17 +/- 0.48 nM and 5.62 +/- 0.78 nM, respectively, and suppression abilities comparable with the positive control cabozantinib. Cell proliferation assay further demonstrated that the two most promising compounds 10a and 10b also showed good cytotoxicity and selectivity toward MDA-MB-231 cells, with IC50 values of 26.67 +/- 2.56 mu M and 26.83 +/- 2.41 mu M, respectively. Compounds 10f and 10g showed cytotoxicity and selectivity toward A549 cells, with IC50 values of 20.20 +/- 2.04 mu M and 21.65 +/- 1.58 mu M, respectively. All antiproliferative activities were within the range of those of cabozantinib. Notably, these compounds presented relatively low hepatotoxicity compared with reference drugs. Moreover, the preliminary structure-activity relationship and docking studies revealed that replacement of a nitrogen-containing heterocycle on the R-2 (block A) group might improve the c-Met kinase inhibitory and antiproliferative effects in MDAMB-231 cells, whereas displacement by a substituted benzene ring, especially for the p-fluorophenyl or 4-fluoro3-methoxyphenyl moiety, on the R-2 group enhanced cytotoxicity toward A549 cells. Together, these results suggest that 10b and 10f are promising compounds and provide a basis for their development as new antitumor agents.

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthetic Route of 22536-61-4, Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. 22536-61-4, Name is 2-Chloro-5-methylpyrimidine, SMILES is CC1=CN=C(Cl)N=C1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Sacre, Lauralicia, introduce new discover of the category.

Influence of C5-Substituents on Repair of O-4-Methyl Adducts of Pyrimidines by O-6-Alkylguanine DNA Alkyltransferases

The DNA repair protein O-6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), found in numerous organisms, can remove methyl groups from the O-6- and O-4-atoms of 2 ‘-deoxyguanosine and thymidine in DNA. AGT variants demonstrate different repair efficiencies towards these lesions. To understand the influence of C5 nucleobase substituents on O-4-methyl removal by AGTs, DNA duplexes containing 5-chloro-, 5-bromo- 5-iodo- and 5-trifluoromethyl-O-4-methyl-2 ‘-deoxyuridine were studied. UV thermal denaturation revealed a stability reduction of 11 degrees C for the O-4-methyl halogen series and 5-trifluoromethyl analog relative to their controls. For the 5-chloro analog efficient repair was observed by human and E.coli AGTs. For the larger halogens (5-bromo and 5-iodo) and 5-trifluoromethyl analog, human AGT showed moderate repair of the O-4-methyl adduct. E.coli OGT and Ada-C readily repaired most adducts with reduced efficiency for the larger groups, except C5-iodo. These results suggest electronic contributions and favourable interactions of the C5-halogens within the AGT active site contribute to efficient dealkylation.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia