Day: November 3, 2022

On July 2, 2014, Liu, Yuanyuan; Hao, Zhihui; Wang, Yanling published a patent.Name: 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate The title of the patent was Soluble powder for treatment of chicken coccidiosis and manufacture method thereof. And the patent contained the following:

The present invention provides soluble powder for treatment of chicken coccidiosis and manufacture method thereof. The drug is oral taken, contains sulfamethazine, trimethoprim lactate, lincomycin hydrochloride, and anhydrous glucose, can be used for treating chicken coccidiosis. The formulation can be blended or dissolved in water for applying. The powder soluble has low cost, good effect, suitable for industrial production The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 23256-42-0).Name: 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate

The Article related to soluble powder chicken coccidiosis sulfamethazine lincomycin, Pharmacology: Effects Of Antimicrobials and Parasiticides and other aspects.Name: 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On February 16, 2011, Xu, Kefu published a patent.Computed Properties of 23256-42-0 The title of the patent was Sulfamonomethoxine sodium and ampicillin sodium-containing medical composition for treating swine infectious atrophic rhinitis and its preparation method. And the patent contained the following:

The title medical composition is prepared from (by weight%) sulfamonomethoxine sodium 5-15, trimethoprim lactate 1-3, ampicillin sodium 3-8, sodium carbonate 5, sodium bicarbonate 5-15 and addnl. anhydrous glucose, and prepared by mixing above raw materials according to the formula. Sulfamonomethoxine sodium and ampicillin sodium as antigen components can effectively kill pathogenic microorganism and reduce drug resistance occurrence, and are effective for secondary infection, trimethoprim lactate has synergistic action on sulfamonomethoxine sodium and ampicillin sodium, sodium carbonate has solubilizing action on sulfamonomethoxine sodium and ampicillin sodium, and sodium bicarbonate alleviates side effect of sulfamonomethoxine sodium and prevents crystalluria occurrence. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 23256-42-0).Computed Properties of 23256-42-0

The Article related to sulfamonomethoxine ampicillin swine infectious atrophic rhinitis, Pharmacology: Effects Of Antimicrobials and Parasiticides and other aspects.Computed Properties of 23256-42-0

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On November 30, 2016, Choofong, Surakarn; Cloutier, Pierre; Sanche, Leon; Wagner, J. Richard published an article.SDS of cas: 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Base release and modification in solid-phase DNA exposed to low-energy electrons. And the article contained the following:

Ionization generates a large number of secondary low-energy electrons (LEEs) with a most probable energy of approx. 10 eV, which can break DNA bonds by dissociative electron attachment (DEA) and lead to DNA damage. In this study, we investigated radiation damage to dry DNA induced by X rays (1.5 keV) alone on a glass substrate or X rays combined with extra LEEs (average energy of 5.8 eV) emitted from a tantalum (Ta) substrate under an atm. of N2 and standard ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. The targets included calf-thymus DNA and double-stranded synthetic oligonucleotides. We developed anal. methods to measure the release of non-modified DNA bases from DNA and the formation of several base modifications by LC-MS/MS with isotopic dilution for precise quantification. The results show that the yield of non-modified bases as well as base modifications increase by 20-30% when DNA is deposited on a Ta substrate compared to that on a glass substrate. The order of base release (Gua > Ade > Thy ∼ Cyt) agrees well with several theor. studies indicating that Gua is the most susceptible site toward sugar-phosphate cleavage. The formation of DNA damage by LEEs is explained by DEA leading to the release of non-modified bases involving the initial cleavage of N1-C1′, C3′-O3′ or C5′-O5′ bonds. The yield of base modifications was lower than the release of non-modified bases. The main LEE-induced base modifications include 5,6-dihydrothymine (5,6-dHT), 5,6-dihydrouracil (5-dHU), 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5-HmU) and 5-formyluracil (5-ForU). The formation of base modifications by LEEs can be explained by DEA and cleavage of the C-H bond of the Me group of Thy (giving 5-HmU and 5-ForU) and by secondary reactions of H atoms and hydride anions that are generated by primary LEE reactions followed by subsequent reaction with Cyt and Thy (giving 5,6-dHU and 5,6-dHT). The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).SDS of cas: 4433-40-3

The Article related to ionizing radiation low energy electron base release modification dna, Radiation Biochemistry: Effects On Biochemical Substances and other aspects.SDS of cas: 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On November 5, 2020, Piccinni, Viviana; Reiter, Sebastian; Keefer, Daniel; de Vivie-Riedle, Regina published an article.Synthetic Route of 65-71-4 The title of the article was Multiscale Conformational Sampling Reveals Excited-State Locality in DNA Self-Repair Mechanism. And the article contained the following:

UV irradiation is known to be responsible for DNA damage. However, exptl. studies in DNA oligonucleotides have shown that UV light can also induce sequence-specific self-repair. Following charge transfer from a guanine adenine sequence adjacent to a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), the covalent bond between the two thymines could be cleaved, recovering the intact base sequence. Mechanistic details promoting the self-repair remained unclear, however. In our theor. study, we investigated whether optical excitation could directly lead to a charge-transfer state, thereby initiating the repair, or whether the initial excited state remains localized on a single nucleobase. We performed conformational sampling of 200 geometries of the damaged DNA double strand solvated in water and used a hybrid quantum and mol. mechanics approach to compute excited states at the complete active space perturbation level of theory. Anal. of the conformational data set clearly revealed that the excited-state properties are uniformly distributed across the fluctuations of the nucleotide in its natural environment. From the electronic wavefunction, we learned that the electronic transitions remained predominantly local on either adenine or guanine, and no direct charge transfer occurred in the exptl. accessed energy range. The investigated base sequence is not only specific to the CPD repair mechanism but ubiquitously occurs in nucleic acids. Our results therefore give a very general insight into the charge locality of UV-excited DNA, a property that is regarded to have determining relevance in the structural consequences following absorption of UV photons. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Synthetic Route of 65-71-4

The Article related to dna cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer repair excited state uv photoexcitation, Radiation Biochemistry: Effects On Biochemical Substances and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 65-71-4

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On December 31, 2021, Rozalski, Rafal; Gackowski, Daniel; Skalska-Bugala, Aleksandra; Starczak, Marta; Siomek-Gorecka, Agnieszka; Zarakowska, Ewelina; Modrzejewska, Martyna; Dziaman, Tomasz; Szpila, Anna; Linowiecka, Kinga; Guz, Jolanta; Szpotan, Justyna; Gawronski, Maciej; Labejszo, Anna; Gackowska, Lidia; Foksinski, Marek; Olinska, Elwira; Wasilow, Aleksandra; Koltan, Andrzej; Styczynski, Jan; Olinski, Ryszard published an article.Synthetic Route of 4433-40-3 The title of the article was The urinary excretion of epigenetically modified DNA as a marker of pediatric ALL status and chemotherapy response. And the article contained the following:

The active DNA demethylation process may be linked to aberrant methylation and may be involved in leukemogenesis. We investigated the role of epigenetic DNA modifications in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) diagnostics and therapy monitoring. We analyzed the levels of 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5-mdC) oxidation products in the cellular DNA and urine of children with ALL (at diagnosis and during chemotherapy, n = 55) using two-dimensional ultra-performance liquid chromatog. with tandem mass spectrometry (2D UPLC-MS/MS). Moreover, the expression of Ten Eleven Translocation enzymes (TETs) at the mRNA and protein levels was determined Addnl., the ascorbate level in the blood plasma was analyzed. Before treatment, the ALL patients had profoundly higher levels of the analyzed modified DNA in their urine than the controls. After chemotherapy, we observed a statistically significant decrease in active demethylation products in urine, with a final level similar to the level characteristic of healthy children. The level of 5-hmdC in the DNA of the leukocytes in blood of the patient group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Our data suggest that urinary excretion of epigenetic DNA modification may be a marker of pediatric ALL status and a reliable marker of chemotherapy response. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Synthetic Route of 4433-40-3

The Article related to urinary excretion dna marker pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia chemotherapy, Mammalian Pathological Biochemistry: Respiratory Diseases and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On August 31, 2011, Xu, Kefu published a patent.Safety of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate The title of the patent was Synergistic pharmaceutical composition for treating swine streptococcosis and preparation method thereof. And the patent contained the following:

Title pharmaceutical composition is prepared from (by%) amoxicillin 3-10, sulfadiazine sodium 5-15, trimethoprim (TMP) lactate 1-3, sodium carbonate 5, sodium bicarbonate 5-15, paracetamol 5-15, and anhydrous glucose in balance, by mixing for 1 h. In the composition, amoxicillin and sulfadiazine sodium are anti-pathogen constituents, can improve susceptibility of pathogen and reduce probability of drug resistance, and are effective to secondary bacterial infection; TMP lactate has remarkable synergism for amoxicillin and sulfadiazine sodium; sodium carbonate acts as cosolvent; sodium bicarbonate can reduce side effect of sulfadiazine sodium and prevent generation of crystalluria; and paracetamol has fast antifebrile and antiinflammatory effects. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 23256-42-0).Safety of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate

The Article related to synergistic pharmaceutical composition swine streptococcosis veterinary preparation, amoxicillin sulfadiazine sodium trimethoprim lactate paracetamol, Pharmacology: Effects Of Antimicrobials and Parasiticides and other aspects.Safety of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On December 31, 2020, Ben Imeddourene, A.; Zargarian, L.; Buckle, M.; Hartmann, B.; Mauffret, O. published an article.Application of 65-71-4 The title of the article was Slow motions in A·T rich DNA sequence. And the article contained the following:

In free B-DNA, slow (microsecond-to-millisecond) motions that involve equilibrium between Watson-Crick (WC) and Hoogsteen (HG) base-pairing expand the DNA dynamic repertoire that could mediate DNA-protein assemblies. R1ρ relaxation dispersion NMR methods are powerful tools to capture such slow conformational exchanges in solution using 13C/15N labeled DNA. Here, these approaches were applied to a dodecamer containing a TTAAA element that was assumed to facilitate nucleosome formation. NMR data and inferred exchange parameters assign HG base pairs as the minor, transient conformers specifically observed in three successive A·T base pairs forming the TAA·TTA segment. The abundance of these HG A·T base pairs can be up to 1.2% which is high compared to what has previously been observed Data analyzes support a scenario in which the three adenines undergo non-simultaneous motions despite their spatial proximity, thus optimizing the probability of having one HG base pair in the TAA·TTA segment. Finally, revisiting previous NMR data on H2 resonance linewidths on the basis of our results promotes the idea of there being a special propensity of A·T base pairs in TAA·TTA tracts to adopt HG pairing. In summary, this study provides an example of a DNA functional element submitted to slow conformational exchange. More generally, it strengthens the importance of the role of the DNA sequence in modulating its dynamics, over a nano- to milli-second time scale. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Application of 65-71-4

The Article related to slow motion dna sequence a t protein base pair, General Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids and Their Constituents and other aspects.Application of 65-71-4

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On April 28, 2022, Nicy; Chakraborty, Debayan; Wales, David J. published an article.Category: pyrimidines The title of the article was Energy Landscapes for Base-Flipping in a Model DNA Duplex. And the article contained the following:

The authors explore the process of base-flipping for four central bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, in a DNA duplex using the energy landscape perspective. NMR imino-proton exchange and fluorescence correlation studies were used in previous experiments to obtain lifetimes for bases in paired and extrahelical states. However, the difference of almost 4 orders of magnitude in the lifetimes obtained by the two methods implies that they are exploring different pathways, and possibly different open states. The authors’ results support the previous suggestion that minor groove opening may be favored by distortions in the DNA backbone, and reveal links between sequence effects and the direction of opening, i.e., whether the base flips toward the major or the minor groove side. In particular, base flipping along the minor groove pathway was found to align toward the 5′ side of the backbone. Bases align toward the 3′ side of the backbone when flipping along the major groove pathway. However, in some cases for cytosine and thymine, the base flipping along the major groove pathway also aligns toward the 5′ side. The sequence effect may be caused by the polar interactions between the flipping-base and its neighboring bases on either of the strands. For guanine flipping toward the minor groove side, the equilibrium constant for opening is large compared to flipping via the major groove. The estimated rates of base opening, and hence the lifetimes of the closed state, obtained for thymine flipping through small and large angles along the major groove differ by 6 orders of magnitude, whereas for thymine flipping through small angles along the minor groove and large angles along the major groove, the rates differ by 3 orders of magnitude. Potential energy as a function of integrated path length for flipping pathways of (a) adenine, (b) guanine, (c) cytosine and (d) thymine along the major and minor groove. Pos. and neg. path lengths correspond to flipping along the minor and major groove, resp. The pathways are between closed state (as shown within Figure) and open states labeled as [A] and [B] (Figures and) for the base flipped out via major and minor groove, resp. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Category: pyrimidines

The Article related to dna duplex energy landscape base flipping model, General Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids and Their Constituents and other aspects.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On November 19, 2020, Zacharias, Martin published an article.Quality Control of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was Base-Pairing and Base-Stacking Contributions to Double-Stranded DNA Formation. And the article contained the following:

Double-stranded (ds)DNA formation and dissociation are of fundamental biol. importance. The neg. DNA charge influences the dsDNA stability. However, the base pairing and the stacking between neighboring bases are responsible for the sequence-dependent stability of dsDNA. The stability of a dsDNA mol. can be estimated from empirical nearest-neighbor models based on contributions assigned to base-pair steps along the DNA and addnl. parameters because of DNA termini. In efforts to sep. contributions, it has been concluded that base stacking dominates dsDNA stability, whereas base pairing contributes negligibly. Using a different model for dsDNA formation, we reanalyze dsDNA stability contributions and conclude that base stacking contributes already at the level of sep. ssDNAs but that pairing contributions drive the dsDNA formation. The theor. model also predicts that stability contributions of base-pair steps that contain only guanine/cytosine, mixed steps, and steps with only adenine/thymine follow the order 6:5:4, resp., as expected based on the formed hydrogen bonds. The model is fully consistent with the available stacking data and the nearest-neighbor dsDNA parameters. It allows assigning a narrowly distributed value for the effective free energy contribution per formed hydrogen bond during dsDNA formation of -0.72 kcal·mol-1 based entirely on the exptl. data. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Quality Control of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to double stranded dna base pairing stacking model, General Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids and Their Constituents and other aspects.Quality Control of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On March 5, 2020, Umesaki, Keisho; Odai, Kei published an article.Category: pyrimidines The title of the article was A Kinetic Approach to Double Proton Transfer in Watson-Crick DNA Base Pairs. And the article contained the following:

Double proton transfer (DPT) in guanine-cytosine (GC) base pairs and adenine-thymine (AT) base pairs produces tautomeric forms, denoted G*C* and A*T*. To examine DPT, (i) intrinsic reaction coordinates for DPT, (ii) probabilities of change from GC to G*C* and from AT to A*T*, and (iii) IR absorption intensities of GC and G*C* were investigated on the basis of d. functional theory and Eyring’s chem. kinetics. The probabilities of change from GC to G*C* were 3 × 10-8, and those from AT to A*T* were 2 × 10-10. These values are consistent with the rate of mutation previously reported by Drake et al. G*C* exhibited two vibrational modes around 3000 cm-1, whereas GC exhibited no vibrational modes around the same frequency. The IR intensity calculated for G*C* showed that the strong absorption obtained around 3000 cm-1 was caused by one of the two modes. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Category: pyrimidines

The Article related to watson crick dna base pair double proton transfer kinetics, General Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids and Their Constituents and other aspects.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia