Day: November 3, 2022

On December 31, 2022, Muller Paul, Hans; Istanto, Dave D.; Heldenbrand, Jacob; Hudson, Matthew E. published an article.Recommanded Product: 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was CROPSR: an automated platform for complex genome-wide CRISPR gRNA design and validation. And the article contained the following:

CRISPR/Cas9 technol. has become an important tool to generate targeted, highly specific genome mutations. The technol. has great potential for crop improvement, as crop genomes are tailored to optimize specific traits over generations of breeding. Many crops have highly complex and polyploid genomes, particularly those used for bioenergy or bioproducts. The majority of tools currently available for designing and evaluating gRNAs for CRISPR experiments were developed based on mammalian genomes that do not share the characteristics or design criteria for crop genomes. We have developed an open source tool for genome-wide design and evaluation of gRNA sequences for CRISPR experiments, CROPSR. The genome-wide approach provides a significant decrease in the time required to design a CRISPR experiment, including validation through PCR, at the expense of an overhead compute time required once per genome, at the first run. To better cater to the needs of crop geneticists, restrictions imposed by other packages on design and evaluation of gRNA sequences were lifted. A new machine learning model was developed to provide scores while avoiding situations in which the currently available tools sometimes failed to provide guides for repetitive, A/T-rich genomic regions. We show that our gRNA scoring model provides a significant increase in prediction accuracy over existing tools, even in non-crop genomes. CROPSR provides the scientific community with new methods and a new workflow for performing CRISPR/Cas9 knockout experiments CROPSR reduces the challenges of working in crops, and helps speed gRNA sequence design, evaluation and validation. We hope that the new software will accelerate discovery and reduce the number of failed experiments The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Recommanded Product: 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to grna cas9 crispr cropsr soybean miscanthus, bioinformatics pipelines, crispr, crops, miscanthus, soybean, grna design, Biochemical Genetics: Genetic Engineering and Cloning and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On December 31, 2021, Ma, Danyi; Suh, Dong Ho; Zhang, Jiaying; Chao, Yufan; Duttlinger, Alan W.; Johnson, Jay S.; Lee, Choong Hwan; Kim, Yuan H. Brad published an article.Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was Elucidating the involvement of apoptosis in postmortem proteolysis in porcine muscles from two production cycles using metabolomics approach. And the article contained the following:

Apoptosis has been suggested as the first step in the process of conversion of muscle into meat. While a potential role of apoptosis in postmortem proteolysis has been proposed, the underlying mechanisms by which metabolome changes in muscles would influence apoptotic and proteolytic process, leading to meat quality variation, has not been determined Here, apoptotic and proteolytic attributes and metabolomics profiling of longissimus dorsi (LD) and psoas major (PM) muscles in pigs from two different production cycles (July-Jan vs. Apr-Sep) were evaluated. The PM showed higher mitochondrial membrane permeability (MMP), concurrent with less extent of calpain-1 autolysis and troponin T degradation and higher abundance of HSP27 and αβ-crystallin compared to LD (P < 0.05). Apr-Sep muscles showed concurrence of extended apoptosis (indicated by higher MMP), calpain-1 autolysis and troponin T degradation, regardless of muscle effects (P < 0.05). Metabolomics profiling showed Apr-Sep muscles to increase in oxidative stress-related macronutrients, including 6-carbon sugars, some branched-chain AA, and free fatty acids. Antioxidant AA (His and Asp) and ascorbic acid were higher in July-Jan (P < 0.05). The results of the present study suggest that early postmortem apoptosis might be pos. associated with pro-oxidant macronutrients and neg. associated with antioxidant metabolites, consequently affecting meat quality attributes in a muscle-specific manner. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to porcine muscle metabolomic postmortem proteolysis, Food and Feed Chemistry: Meat, Eggs, Fish, and Seafood and other aspects.Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On April 30, 1980, Melby, Kjetil; Midtvedt, Tore published an article.Formula: C17H24N4O6 The title of the article was Effects of some antibacterial agents on the phagocytosis of phosphorus-32-labeled Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear cells. And the article contained the following:

Gentamicin [1403-66-3], trimethoprim lactate [23256-42-0] cephalothin [153-61-7], colistin [1066-17-7], erythromycin [114-07-8], oxytetracycline [79-57-2], and chloramphenicol [56-75-7] were studied in a phagocytic system. A radiolabeled strain of E. coli was used as test bacterium and human polymorphonuclear cells were used as phagocytes. Except for trimethoprim and cephalothin, there was a tendency towards depression of the process of phagocytosis in the presence of high concentrations of the various antibiotics. Colistin in a high concentration (83 μg/mL) exerted the most significant effect. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 23256-42-0).Formula: C17H24N4O6

The Article related to phagocytosis antibiotic, Pharmacodynamics: Effects On Test Systems and Nonmammals and other aspects.Formula: C17H24N4O6

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On June 30, 1981, Lees, G. M.; Percy, W. H. published an article.COA of Formula: C17H24N4O6 The title of the article was Antibiotic-associated colitis: an in vitro investigation of the effects of antibiotics on intestinal motility. And the article contained the following:

Ampicillin Na [69-52-3] (1-800 μg/mL), doxycycline-HCl [10592-13-9] (1-20 μg/mL), mecillinam-HCl [32887-08-4] (1-800 μg/mL), and metronidazole [443-48-1] (0.5-200 μg/mL) did not affect intestinal motility in vitro in guinea pig ileum and rabbit colon. Clindamycin-HCl (I) [21462-39-5] (0.05-500 μg/mL), gentamicin sulfate (II) [1405-41-0] (5 μg-1 mg/mL), kanamycin sulfate (III) [25389-94-0] (0.025-500 μg/mL), pivmecillinam-HCl (IV) [32887-03-9] (1-20 μg/mL), and trimethoprim lactate (V) [23256-42-0] (5-200 μg/mL) all inhibited evoked and reflex responses of the guinea pig ileum, but only I and V also affected evoked responses of the rabbit colon. II and III appeared to have a predominantly prejunctional action, IV and V a predominantly postjunctional action; I had a prejunctional action at low concentrations and long exposure times, and a postjunctional action at high concentrations and short exposure times. The concentration of each antibiotic required to inhibit the peristaltic reflex of the guinea pig ileum was less than that required to inhibit its responses to elec. stimulation or exogenous acetylcholine or histamine but greater than the serum levels associated with their resp. use in therapeutic doses. A hypothesis is proposed whereby antibiotic-induced alterations in gastrointestinal motility could lead to the development of pseudomembranous colitis. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 23256-42-0).COA of Formula: C17H24N4O6

The Article related to antibiotic colitis induction, intestine motility antibiotic, Pharmacodynamics: Effects On Test Systems and Nonmammals and other aspects.COA of Formula: C17H24N4O6

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On December 31, 2022, Connell, J. R.; Benton, M. C.; Lea, R. A.; Sutherland, H. G.; Chaseling, J.; Haupt, L. M.; Wright, K. M.; Griffiths, L. R. published an article.Product Details of 65-71-4 The title of the article was Pedigree derived mutation rate across the entire mitochondrial genome of the Norfolk Island population. And the article contained the following:

Estimates of mutation rates for various regions of the human mitochondrial genome (mtGenome) vary widely, depending on whether they are inferred using a phylogenetic approach or obtained directly from pedigrees. Traditionally, only the control region, or small portions of the coding region have been targeted for anal. due to the cost and effort required to produce whole mtGenome Sanger profiles. Here, we report one of the first pedigree derived mutation rates for the entire human mtGenome. The entire mtGenome from 225 individuals originating from Norfolk Island was analyzed to estimate the pedigree derived mutation rate and compared against published mutation rates. These individuals were from 45 maternal lineages spanning 345 generational events. Mutation rates for various portions of the mtGenome were calculated Nine mutations (including two transitions and seven cases of heteroplasmy) were observed, resulting in a rate of 0.058 mutations/site/million years (95% CI 0.031-0.108). These mutation rates are approx. 16 times higher than estimates derived from phylogenetic anal. with heteroplasmy detected in 13 samples (n = 225, 5.8% individuals). Providing one of the first pedigree derived estimates for the entire mtGenome, this study provides a better understanding of human mtGenome evolution and has relevance to many research fields, including medicine, anthropol. and forensics. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Product Details of 65-71-4

The Article related to mutation pedigree mitochondrial genome heteroplasmy australia, Mammalian Biochemistry: Classical Genetics and Phylogeny and other aspects.Product Details of 65-71-4

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On March 31, 2016, Pelclova, Daniela; Zdimal, Vladimir; Kacer, Petr; Fenclova, Zdenka; Vlckova, Stepanka; Syslova, Kamila; Navratil, Tomas; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Zikova, Nadezda; Barosova, Hana; Turci, Francesco; Komarc, Martin; Pelcl, Tomas; Belacek, Jaroslav; Kukutschova, Jana; Zakharov, Sergey published an article.Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was Oxidative stress markers are elevated in exhaled breath condensate of workers exposed to nanoparticles during iron oxide pigment production. And the article contained the following:

Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were analyzed in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and urine samples of 14 workers (mean age 43 ± 7 years) exposed to iron oxide aerosol for an average of 10 ± 4 years and 14 controls (mean age 39 ± 4 years) by liquid chromatog.-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) after solid-phase extraction Aerosol exposure in the workplace was measured by particle size spectrometers, a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS), and by aerosol concentration monitors, P-TRAK and DustTRAK DRX. Total aerosol concentrations in workplace locations varied greatly in both time and space. The median mass concentration was 0.083 mg m-3 (IQR 0.063-0.133 mg m-3) and the median particle concentration was 66 800 particles cm-3 (IQR 16 900-86 900 particles cm-3). In addition, more than 80% of particles were smaller than 100 nm in diameter Markers of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-trans-hexenale (HHE), 4-hydroxy-trans-nonenale (HNE), 8-isoProstaglandin F2α (8-isoprostane) and aldehydes C6-C12, in addition to markers of nucleic acid oxidation, including 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG), 5-hydroxymethyl uracil (5-OHMeU), and of proteins, such as o-tyrosine (o-Tyr), 3-chlorotyrosine (3-ClTyr), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NOTyr) were analyzed in EBC and urine by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Almost all markers of lipid, nucleic acid and protein oxidation were elevated in the EBC of workers comparing with control subjects. Elevated markers were MDA, HNE, HHE, C6-C10, 8-isoprostane, 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, 5-OHMeU, 3-ClTyr, 3-NOTyr, o-Tyr (all p < 0.001), and C11 (p < 0.05). Only aldehyde C12 and the pH of samples did not differ between groups. Markers in urine were not elevated. These findings suggest the adverse effects of nano iron oxide aerosol exposure and support the utility of oxidative stress biomarkers in EBC. The anal. of urine oxidative stress biomarkers does not support the presence of systemic oxidative stress in iron oxide pigment production workers. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to oxidative stress marker human ebc nanoparticle iron oxide pigment, Air Pollution and Industrial Hygiene: Industrial Hygiene and other aspects.Safety of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On July 31, 1980, Iddon, Brian; Mack, Arthur G.; Suschitzky, Hans; Taylor, Jack A.; Wakefield, Basil J. published an article.Related Products of 63931-21-5 The title of the article was Polyhaloaromatic compounds. Part 42. Carbon-13 NMR spectra of polyhalopyridines and 2-pyrimidines. And the article contained the following:

13C NMR spectra are reported for 103 polyhalopyridines and 8 polyhalopyrimidines. Substituent effects were calculated and the results used to assign structures. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Bromo-2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine(cas: 63931-21-5).Related Products of 63931-21-5

The Article related to carbon nmr polyhalo pyridine pyrimidine, substituent effect nmr halopyridine, Physical Organic Chemistry: Spectral and Related Studies and other aspects.Related Products of 63931-21-5

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On May 2, 2012, Guo, Yufan; Wang, Jiawei; Yang, Jing; Zhang, Ning; Zhang, Fengjun published a patent.Computed Properties of 23256-42-0 The title of the patent was Compound oral solution for treating mixed infection caused by Escherichia coli of poultry. And the patent contained the following:

The title oral solution is composed of distilled liquid from Houttuynia cordata 15-25L, amikacin sulfate 0.5-1, gentamycin sulfate 0.5-1, trimethoprim lactate 0.05-0.2, nicotinamide 3-8, dexamethasone sodium phosphate 0.01-0.05, sodium bisulfite 0.1-0.3kg, lactose 0.1-0.5L and water balance. The invented oral solution has good effects of anti-virus and anti-bacteria, and can resolve the continuous fever caused by infection of Escherichia coli. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 23256-42-0).Computed Properties of 23256-42-0

The Article related to compound oral solution infection escherichia poultry, Pharmacology: Effects Of Antimicrobials and Parasiticides and other aspects.Computed Properties of 23256-42-0

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Adarve Garcia, E.; Escario, J.; Martinez Fernandez, A. R. published an article in 1982, the title of the article was Antitoxoplasmic effect of Lactotrim, sulfamethoxazole, and robenidine.Recommanded Product: 23256-42-0 And the article contains the following content:

The i.p. ED50 of Lactotrim (I) [23256-42-0] in mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii was 11 mg/kg. I.p. treatment with sulfamethoxazole (II) [723-46-6] (4-128 mg/kg) (alone was ineffective against the infection. Combined treatment with I and II (1:5; by weight) appeared synergistic, the ED50 being 8 mg/kg. robenidine  [25875-51-8] Alone had an i.p. ED50 of 55 mg/kg; its 50% combination with I had an ED50 of 20 mg/kg. A combination of the 3 drugs (50% robenidine and 50% of the 1:5 mixture of I and II) had an ED50 of 18 mg/kg. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 23256-42-0).Recommanded Product: 23256-42-0

The Article related to antitoxoplasmic lactotrim sulfamethoxazole robenidine, Pharmacology: Effects Of Antimicrobials and Parasiticides and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 23256-42-0

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On April 11, 2012, Xu, Kefu published a patent.HPLC of Formula: 23256-42-0 The title of the patent was Veterinary drug composition for treating enterovirus syndrome of poultry and preparation method thereof. And the patent contained the following:

Veterinary drug composition for treating enterovirus syndrome of poultry and preparation method thereof are provided. The composition is composed of sulfaquinoxaline sodium 5-20, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride 5-15, trimethoprim lactate 1-4, vitamin K3 1-5, NaHCO3 5-20% and addnl. anhydrous glucose. The composition is prepared by pulverizing and sieving the materials resp., mixing according to proportion, then stirring uniformly. Sulfaquinoxaline sodium has strong therapic effect for Eimeria tenella combined with trimethoprim lactate to realize synergism to enhance greatly anti-coccidia ability, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride has strong effect of treating bacterial infection in enterovirus syndrome, so that cause of enterovirus syndrome can be aimingly treated. Vitamin K3 can control the adverse side effect of intestinal tract bleeding caused by enterovirus syndrome, and sodium hydrogen carbonate can reduce the kidney injury to poultry caused by sulfaquinoxaline sodium. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 23256-42-0).HPLC of Formula: 23256-42-0

The Article related to poultry enterovirus syndrome veterinary drug preparation, Pharmacology: Effects Of Antimicrobials and Parasiticides and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 23256-42-0

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia