Month: April 2022

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Synthesis of 4-aminopiperidine》. Authors are Yakhontov, L. N.; Yatsenko, S. V.; Rubtsov, M. V..The article about the compound:Piperidin-4-amine dihydrochloridecas:35621-01-3,SMILESS:NC1CCNCC1.[H]Cl.[H]Cl).Reference of Piperidin-4-amine dihydrochloride. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:35621-01-3) is conveyed.

Hydrogenation of 4-aminopyridine in alc. HCl over Pt at room temperature and 80 atm. H gave 16.5% 4-aminopiperidine-2HCl (I), m. 331-3° (picrate m. 245°). Hydrogenation of isonicotinic hydrazide in 4% HCl over Pt at room temperature gave 76% isonipecotinic hydrazide-2HCl, m. 240-2°. This treated with NaNO2 at -5°, then concentrated, and the resulting precipitate extracted with hot EtOH gave after refluxing 6 hrs. further with concentrated HCl 35% 4-aminopiperidine, isolated as HCl salt identical with the above. Hydrogenation of isonicotinic acid-HCl in 4% HCl over Pt gave isonipecotinic acid-HCl, decompose 299°, which treated with NaN3 in the presence of H2SO4 in C6H6 at 40° gave after aqueous treatment with NaOH 66% 4-aminopiperidine, isolated as HCl salt. Isonipecotinic acid HCl salt (II) and HN3 in H2SO4 and C6H6 gave at 80° 62% 4-aminopiperidine HCl salt. Refluxing II with NaO2CH and HCO2H 3 hrs. gave 44% 1-formylisonipecotinic acid, m. 136-38°. Heating I with HCO2Na in HCONH2 7 hrs. gave after aqueous treatment 62.5% 1-formyl-4-formamidopiperidine, m. 77-9°.

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Formula: C8H12ClNO2. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride, is researched, Molecular C8H12ClNO2, CAS is 148-51-6, about Quantitative determination of the biological antivitamin B6 effect of pyridoxol antagonists. Author is Koerner, Wilhelm F.; Nowak, Herbert.

Rats were fed a vitamin B6-free diet for 20 days; however, during the last 10 days the diets were supplemented with 30 γ pyridoxol-HCl. During the next 5 days, the animals were loaded with daily oral doses of 200 mg. L-tryptophan/kg., and during days 26-30 of the experiment 4′-deoxypyridoxol-HCl (0.1-100 mg./kg.) was given i.p. 4′-Deoxypyridoxol-HCl had an antivitamin B6 activity (measured by xanthinuric acid excretion) beginning at the 0.3 mg./kg. dose. The antivitamin B6 activity of pyramin-HCl (10-100 mg./kg.) was 60% that of 4′-deoxypyridoxol-HCl.

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one(SMILESS: O=C1OC(C)=CC1,cas:591-12-8) is researched.Synthetic Route of C5H6O2. The article 《Asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition of 5-substituted-furan-2(3H)-ones to an α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactam》 in relation to this compound, is published in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:591-12-8).

The manuscript describes an utilization of 5-substituted-furan-2(3H)-ones as pronucleophiles in an asym. vinylogous Michael addition to an α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactam, thus leading to hybrid mols. possessing γ-lactam and butenolide structural motifs. The transformation utilizes two potentially vinylogous pronucleophiles and has been realized by simultaneous activation of both substrates by a bifunctional organocatalyst derived from a cinchona alkaloid. Reaction occurs in a highly enantio- and diastereoselective manner and the synthetic potential of the target products has been confirmed in stereoselective transformations.

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about Synthesis of Chiral γ,γ-Disubstituted γ-Butenolides via Direct Vinylogous Aldol Reaction of Substituted Furanone Derivatives with Aldehydes, the main research direction is hydroxymethyl butenolide regioselective diastereoselective enantioselective preparation; stereoselective vinylogous aldol addition butenolide aldehyde sulfonamide squaramide catalyst.Synthetic Route of C5H6O2.

In the presence of a quinine-derived squaramide-sulfonamide, aldehydes RCHO (R = 4-ClC6H4, 3-ClC6H4, 2-ClC6H4, 4-BrC6H4, 4-F3CC6H4, Ph, 4-MeC6H4, 4-MeOC6H4, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-furanyl, cyclohexyl, BuCH2) underwent regioselective, diastereoselective, and enantioselective vinylogous aldol addition reactions with γ-substituted β,γ-butenolides such as γ-angelica lactone to yield anti-(hydroxymethyl)butenolides such as I (R = 4-ClC6H4, 3-ClC6H4, 2-ClC6H4, 4-BrC6H4, 4-F3CC6H4, Ph, 4-MeC6H4, 4-MeOC6H4, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-furanyl, cyclohexyl, BuCH2) in up to 95% ee.

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Preparation of o-dialkylbenzene》. Authors are Ogawa, Masaya; Tanaka, Giichi.The article about the compound:5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloridecas:148-51-6,SMILESS:OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl).Synthetic Route of C8H12ClNO2. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:148-51-6) is conveyed.

1-Butyl-1-cyclohexene (45 g.) was oxidized 2 h. below 45° with 275 g. 80% HCO2H and with 50 g. 30% H2O2, the mixture neutralized and extracted with EtOAc, and the extract distilled to give 26 g. 1-butyl-l,2-cyclohexanediol (I), b2 115-18°. I (10 g.) in 50 cc. EtOH refluxed 30 min. with 0.5 cc. H2SO4, and the mixture distilled gave 4 g. 2-butylcyclohexanone (II), b7 76-8°. II was also prepared (51%) starting with 2-chlorocyclohexanone. II (0.5 mol) and 1 mol RMgX mixed at 0°, refluxed 5-7 h. at 30-5°, and distilled gave the following 1-alkyl-2-butylcyclohexanol (III) (alkyl, b.p./mm., d20, nD20, and % yield given): Bu, 115-17°/3.5, 0.8989, 1.4679, 43.2; octyl, 155-7°/4, 0.8850, 1.4683, 40; dodecyl, 184-5°/1, -, -, 37.4 (m. 46.5-7.5°). III heated 5 h. on oil bath with iodine and the product washed with 1% aqueous Na2S2O3 and distilled gave the following 1-alkyl-2-butyl-l-cyclohexenes (IV) (alkyl, b.p./mm., d20, nD20, and % yield given): Bu, 82-5°/3, 0.8410, 1.4635, 68.5; octyl, 148-51°/6, 0.8407, 1.4654, 85; dodecyl, 161-5°/1, 0.8407, 1.4654, 82.1. The IV were dehydrogenated over Pd-C at 220-80° to give the following 1-alkyl-2-butylbenzene (alkyl, b.p., d20, nD20, and % yield given): Bu, 256-7°, 0.8553, 1.4826, 57; octyl, 305-7°, 0.8570, 1.4827, 69; dodecyl, 358-9°, 0.8579, 1.4820, 46.

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about PON1 increases cellular DNA damage by lactone substrates, the main research direction is HepG2 cell PON1 DNA damage lactone; DNA damage; Lactones; PON1.Application of 591-12-8.

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-d. lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme that by hydrolyzing exogenous and endogenous substrates can provide protection against substrate induced toxicity. To investigate the extent to which PON1 provides protection against lactone induced DNA damage, DNA damage was measured in HepG2 cells using the neutral Comet assay following lactone treatment in the presence and absence of exogenous recombinant PON1 (rPON1). Low dose lactones (10 mM) caused little or no damage while high doses (100 mM) induced DNA damage in the following order of potency: α-angelica lactone > γ-butyrolactone > γ-hexalactone > γ-heptalactone > γ-octaclactone >γ-furanone > γ-valerolactone > γ-decalactone. Co-incubation of 100 mM lactone with rPON1, resulted in almost all cells showing extensive DNA damage, particularly with those lactones that decreased rPON1 activity by > 25%. DNA damage induced by a 1 h co-treatment with 10 mM α-angelica lactone and rPON1 was reduced when cells when incubated for a further 4 h in fresh medium suggesting break formation was due to induced DNA damage rather than apoptosis. These results suggest that in addition to its well-recognized detoxification effects, PON1 can increase genotoxicity potentially by hydrolyzing certain lactones to reactive intermediates that increase DNA damage via the formation of DNA adducts.

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 148-51-6, is researched, SMILESS is OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl, Molecular C8H12ClNO2Journal, Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov’t, P.H.S., Journal of Biological Chemistry called Resonance Raman spectroscopy of pyridoxal Schiff bases, Author is Benecky, Michael J.; Copeland, Robert A.; Hays, Thomas R.; Lobenstine, Eric W.; Rava, Richard P.; Pascal, Robert A. Jr.; Spiro, Thomas G., the main research direction is amino acid adduct pyridoxal phosphate Raman; amine adduct pyridoxal phosphate Raman; pyridoxal Schiff base Raman spectra.Application In Synthesis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride.

Resonance Raman (RR) spectra are reported for amino acid and amine adducts of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) and 5′-deoxypyridoxal (5′-dPL) in aqueous solution For the valine adducts, a detailed study was carried out on solutions at pH and pD 5, 9, and 13, values at which the pyridine and imine protons are successively ionized, and on the adducts formed from [15N]valine, α-deuterovaline, and N-methyl-PLP. Good quality spectra were obtained, despite the strong fluorescence of pyridoxal Schiff bases, by adding KI as a quencher, and by exciting the mols. on the blue side of their absorption bands: 406.7 nm (cw K+ laser) for the pH 5 and 9 species (λmax = 409 and 414 nm), and 354.7 nm (pulsed YAG laser, 3rd harmonic) for the pH 13 species (λmax = 360 nm). A prominent band at 1646 cm-1 was assigned to the imine C:N stretch via its 13 cm-1 15N shift. A 12 cm-1 downshift of the band in D2O confirmed that the Schiff base linkage is protonated at pH 9. Deprotonation at pH 13 shifted νC:N from 1646 to 1629 cm-1, values typical of conjugated Schiff bases. The strongest band in the spectrum, at 1338 cm-1, shifted to 1347 cm-1 upon pyridine protonation at pH 5, and was assigned to a ring mode with a large component of phenolate C-O stretch. A shoulder on its low-frequency side was assigned to the C4-C4′ stretch. Large enhancements of these modes could be understood qual. in terms of the dominant resonance structures contributing to the ground and resonant excited states. A number of weaker bands were observed, and assigned to pyridine ring modes. These modes gained significantly in intensity, and the exocyclic modes diminished, when the spectra were excited at 266 nm (YAG laser, 4th harmonic) in resonance with ring-localized electronic transitions.

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Robichaux, Laura; Kendell, Shane published an article about the compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one( cas:591-12-8,SMILESS:O=C1OC(C)=CC1 ).Reference of 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:591-12-8) through the article.

A one-step direct alkylation method for synthesizing Bu levulinate from Bu alc. and furfuryl alc. has been explored. This process is carried out under reflux, at ∼ 120 °C for 2 h and utilizes a catalyst. Catalysts are based on phosphotungstic acid; the catalysts are modified via cation exchange, producing several cesium, copper and silver based phosphotungstates. Of these, the greatest activity and selectivity towards Bu levulinate was achieved over the Cu0.5H2[PW12O40] catalyst, with 100% conversion and a Bu levulinate selectivity of 69%. Various side reactions are also observed, with products that may also be suitable for biofuel applications. A detailed product anal. has been performed, and likely reaction schemes for these products have been determined Overall, these results demonstrate an efficient method for Bu levulinate production from biomass-derived sources.

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Anticoccidal agents. IV. Modification at the 5-position of 4-deoxypyridoxol and α4-norpyridoxol, published in 1975, which mentions a compound: 148-51-6, Name is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride, Molecular C8H12ClNO2, Electric Literature of C8H12ClNO2.

In an attempt to relate structure to anticoccidial activity, a number of 5-modified analogs of 4-deoxypyridoxol (I) and α4-norpyridoxol (II) have been synthesized and their biol. activities examined The compounds prepared include the 5-(3-hydroxypropyl), 5-(2-hydroxyethyl), 5-(1-hydroxyethyl), formyl and acetyl analogs of I, and 5-(3-hydroxypropyl), formyl, ethoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and hydroxyl analogs of II. Among these compounds, 4-deoxyisopyridoxal (III) and α4-norisopyridoxal (IV) exhibited anticoccidil activity.

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one( cas:591-12-8 ) is researched.COA of Formula: C5H6O2.Yanase, Daichi; Hara, Takayoshi; Sato, Fumiya; Yamada, Yasuhiro; Sato, Satoshi published the article 《Vapor-phase hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone over Cu-Ni alloy catalysts》 about this compound( cas:591-12-8 ) in Applied Catalysis, A: General. Keywords: hydrogenation levulinate gamma valerolactone copper nickel alloy catalyst. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:591-12-8).

Vapor-phase hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) was investigated over supported-type Cu-Ni/Al2O3 catalysts in H2 flow at 250°C. Ni-rich Cu-Ni/Al2O3 catalysts, typically 6 weight% Cu and 14 weight% Ni, achieved high LA conversion with high stability and high GVL selectivity. XRD analyses of the catalysts clarified that Cu-Ni alloy nanoparticles were produced on the alumina support by forming a solid solution of CuO-NiO. The Cu-Ni/Al2O3 catalyst showed the highest GVL productivity of 11.0 kg kg-1cat h-1 with a selectivity of 98.6%, although the catalyst was gradually deactivated with time on stream under high space velocity conditions. In the characterization of the used catalysts, the catalyst deactivation would be caused by the sintering of active Cu-Ni alloy nanoparticles, which could be induced by the cycle of the oxidation with H2O and the reduction with H2.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia